literature

SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion.

PMID: 34488225 2021 Nature

Figure: Red, L19R; green, del157/158; blue, L452R; yellow, T478K.

Impact of the Delta variant on vaccine efficacy and response strategies.

PMID: 34488546 2021 Expert review of vaccines

Introduction: T478K is located at the interface of Spike/ACE2 interactions.

Introduction: By analyzing the global GISAID database up to 27 April 2021, it was found that the rapid increase in the T478K mutation frequency in North America and some European countries may indicate that the adaptability of SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying the mutation increased.

Introduction: The Delta variant contains L452R, T478K, D614G, and P681R (Delta-AY.1 with additional K417N mutation) mutations in the S protein domain; these mutations have been detected in other VOCs/VOIs and may affect the infectivity of viruses or resistance to specific antibodies.

Breakthrough Infections of E484K-Harboring SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant, Lombardy, Italy.

PMID: 34499599 2021 Emerging infectious diseases

Introduction: This variant of concern (VOC) was renamed Delta by the World Health Organization and consists to date of 5 different sublineages (B.1.617.2, AY.1, AY.2, AY.3, and AY.3.1, according to PANGOLIN phylogeny) that share T478K and L452R as the main mutations of concern (MOCs) within the spike protein.

Possible Link between Higher Transmissibility of Alpha, Kappa and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Increased Structural Stability of Its Spike Protein and hACE2 Affinity.

PMID: 34502041 2021 International journal of molecular sciences

Abstract: In the case of Kappa and Delta variants, the mutations at L452R, T478K and E484Q increased the stability and intra-chain interactions in the spike protein, which may change the interaction ability of neutralizing antibodies to these spike variants.

Abstract: To understand the biophysical perspective, we have performed molecular dynamic simulations of four different spikes (receptor binding domain)-hACE2 complexes, namely wildtype (WT), Alpha variant (N501Y spike mutant), Kappa (L452R, E484Q) and Delta (L452R, T478K), and com

Probing the Increased Virulence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 B.1.617 (Indian Variant) From Predicted Spike Protein Structure.

PMID: 34513478 2021 Cureus

Introduction: T478K mutation has appeared and risen in frequency since January 2021, predominantly in Mexico and the USA in variant B.1.1.519.

Introduction: In the present study, we have focused on the Delta and Kappa variants and utilized homology modeling (HM) simulations of S protein trimer to assess its dynamic behavior in terms of conformational stability as well as the interaction of isolated viral RBD in complex with human ACE2 to probe the specific interactions emanating from the double mutations (L452R/E484Q in Kappa and L452R/T478K in Delta) in the RBD-ACE2 complexes.

Result: Figure 4 exhibits the threonine-to-lysine mutation at position 478.

Emerging vaccine-breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 variants.

PMID: 34518803 2021 ArXiv

Abstract: Finally, we have identified the co-mutations that have the great likelihood of becoming dominant: [A411S, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, N501Y], [V401L, L452R, T478K], [K417N, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, E484K, N501Y], and [P384L, K417N, E484K, N501Y].

Method: In our predictions

Case Report: Paucisymptomatic College-Age Population as a Reservoir for Potentially Neutralization-Resistant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants.

PMID: 34544043 2021 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

Abstract: Among the sequences were three novel viral variants: BV-1 with a B.1.1.7/20I genetic background and an additional spike mutation Q493R, associated with a mild but longer-than-usual COVID-19 case in a college-age person, BV-2 with a T478K mutation on a 20B genetic background, and BV-3, an apparent recombinant lineage.

Conclusion: Of these, 56 (60%) sequences were of B.1.1.7/20I/501Y.V1 lineage; four isolated from early February through mid-March were of a B.1.1.519/20B lineage including three sequences with the T478K mutation that has been reported from the designated BV-2 (hCoV-19/USA/GHRC-BV2-EQ04518823/2021, hCOV-19/USA/GHRC-BV2-EQ04526485/2021 and hCoV-19/USA/GHRC-BV2-EQ04531246/2021), a lineage was first detected in the United States, but subsequently became common in Canada and Mexico with a peak ne

Review of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission.

PMID: 34545334 2021 ArXiv

Conclusion: We forecast that a few co-mutation sets, including [A411S, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, N501Y], [K417N, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, E484K, N501Y], and [P384L, K417N, E484K, N501Y], have a great potential to grow into unprecedentedly dangerous new SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Introduction: Additionally, although their frequencies are relatively low at present, co-mutation sets [

PMID: 34547629 2021 Biochemical and biophysical research communications

Introduction: T478K was a previously predominant variant in Mexico and located at the interface of RBD and ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) interaction, thereby potentially impacting viral infection.

Introduction: The Delta has L452R, T478K and P681R in the spike protein (Table 1 ) which may contribute to increased infectivity, pathogenicity and immune evasion, resulting in re-infection or resistance to vaccine-elicited antibody and therapeutic antibodies.

Method: Mutant RBDs (K417T/E484K/N501Y, L452R/T478

Serum Neutralizing Activity of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

PMID: 34549975 2021 Journal of virology

Table: T478K

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