Discussion: N501Y L452R, E484K S477S, and T478K distinct RBD mutations potentially compromise the efficacy of administrated vaccines.
Discussion: Single L452R and T478K RBD mutations moderately impact the neutralization potential, reaching about x2 fold reduction (Figure 4).
Discussion: The same results were obtained when there was a double L452R/T478K RBD mutation.
Discussion: These results align with our previous data on Delta SARS-CoV-2 and state that both L452R and PMID: 35507895
2022
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
Abstract: The enhanced transmissibility of Delta variant has been associated with critical mutations such as D614G, L452R, P681R, and T478K in the S-protein.
RBD-mRNA vaccine induces broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and multiple other variants and protects mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Abstract: The RBD-mRNA-induced antibodies exerted moderate neutralization against authentic B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529 variants, and pseudotyped B.1.351 and P.1 lineage variants containing K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y mutations, the B.1.617.2 lineage variant harboring L452R, T478K, and P681R mutations, and the B.1.1.529 lineage variant containing 38 mutations in the S protein.
Binding Interactions between Receptor-Binding Domain of Spike Protein and Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 in Omicron Variant.
PMID: 35481766
2022
The journal of physical chemistry letters
Abstract: Some of the OV RBD mutations are predicted to affect the antibody neutralization either through their role in the S-protein conformational changes, such as S371L, S373P, and S375F, or through changing its surface charge distribution, such as G339D, N440K, T478K, and E484A.
Evaluation of a Rapid and Accessible Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR Approach for SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Identification.
PMID: 35465708
2022
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: We designed and analytically validated a two-reaction multiplex reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay targeting spike protein mutations L452R, E484K, and N501Y in reaction 1 and del69-70, K417N, and T478K in reaction 2.
Decreased and Heterogeneous Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Variants After mRNA Vaccination.
Method: Primers used for the construction of the RBD-mFc proteins for the different variants (Alpha RBD-mFc, containing mutation N501Y; Gamma RBD-mFc containing mutations K417T, E484K, and N501Y; Delta RBD-mFc containing mutations L452R and T478K); Epsilon RBD-mFc containing mutation L452R; and Kappa RBD-mFc containing mutations L452R and E484Q), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and are shown in Supplementary Table 2 .
Mutational Effect of Some Major COVID-19 Variants on Binding of the S Protein to ACE2.
Result: Although lysine is a positive residue, there is no negative residue on ACE2 that closely interacts with T478K (Figure 2), so the electrostatic interaction (DeltaDeltaEele + DeltaDeltaEgb) changes little.
Result: For N501Y, E484K and T478K, the results of Mutabind2 are contrary to the experimental phenomenon.
Result: The binding free energy values of E484K (1.9 kcal/mol), L452R (2.4 kcal/mol) and T478K (2.3 kcal/mol) are not different, and the experimental values corresponding to these mutations are also very similar.
Result: The calculated DeltaDeltaG of the L478R mutation is 3.0 kcal/mol, the T478K<
Antigenicity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages with other variants contained multiple mutations in RBD.
Discussion: In addition, Omicron spike-immunized sera also has a certain protective effect on B.1.630, possibly due to Omicron immunogen containing T478K and E484A.
Characteristic analysis of Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Result: The same G339D, T478K, Q493R, G496S, and Q498R in the RBD region have also increased the antigen score, but these changes were not significant.
Discussion: In the Omicron variant, there are some consistent RBD mutations with previously focused variants (K417N, T478K, and N501Y).
Early Genomic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Description of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Mexico City.
Result: On the other hand, the prevalence of eleven substitutions (S371L, S373P, S375F, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, and Y505H) was lower in Mexico City and Mexico outside of Mexico City, Israel, the United Kingdom, and India (32-70%) than in Australia, Canada, Japan, and the USA (91-100%) (Figure 4).
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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