Introduction: T478K is located at the interface of Spike/ACE2 interactions.
Introduction: By analyzing the global GISAID database up to 27 April 2021, it was found that the rapid increase in the T478K mutation frequency in North America and some European countries may indicate that the adaptability of SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying the mutation increased.
Introduction: The Delta variant contains L452R, T478K, D614G, and P681R (Delta-AY.1 with additional K417N mutation) mutations in the S protein domain; these mutations have been detected in other VOCs/VOIs and may affect the infectivity of viruses or resistance to specific antibodies.
Introduction: The location of
Breakthrough Infections of E484K-Harboring SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant, Lombardy, Italy.
Introduction: This variant of concern (VOC) was renamed Delta by the World Health Organization and consists to date of 5 different sublineages (B.1.617.2, AY.1, AY.2, AY.3, and AY.3.1, according to PANGOLIN phylogeny) that share T478K and L452R as the main mutations of concern (MOCs) within the spike protein.
Possible Link between Higher Transmissibility of Alpha, Kappa and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Increased Structural Stability of Its Spike Protein and hACE2 Affinity.
PMID: 34502041
2021
International journal of molecular sciences
Abstract: In the case of Kappa and Delta variants, the mutations at L452R, T478K and E484Q increased the stability and intra-chain interactions in the spike protein, which may change the interaction ability of neutralizing antibodies to these spike variants.
Abstract: To understand the biophysical perspective, we have performed molecular dynamic simulations of four different spikes (receptor binding domain)-hACE2 complexes, namely wildtype (WT), Alpha variant (N501Y spike mutant), Kappa (L452R, E484Q) and Delta (L452R, T478K), and com
Probing the Increased Virulence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 B.1.617 (Indian Variant) From Predicted Spike Protein Structure.
Discussion: A large body of evidence indicates that the Delta variant (bearing the L452R/T478K double mutation) is the most and fastest-spreading variant in Europe and many countries and it will be the dominant one in the coming weeks.
Discussion: The mutant T478K appears to stabilize the receptor binding by forming a strong H-bond with Gln 24 of ACE2.
Discussion: Variants bearing two of the above-mentioned mutations (L452R/E484Q in Kappa variant or L452R/T478K in Delta variant) do not seem to have structural changes compared to the wild-type spike protein, yet, their effect on the receptor-binding function seems to be enhanced.
Result: First, the 10 most observed or fast-growing RBD mutations are N501Y, L452R, T478K, E484K, K417T, S477N, N439K, K417N, F490S, and S494P, as shown in Table 1.
Result: From Figure 2, RBD 2 co-mutation set [L452R, T478K] (Delta variant) has the highest frequency (219,362) and the highest BFE change (1.575 kcal/mol).
Result: Later on, in early March 2021, the UK, US, DK, DE, NL, SE, IT, FR, BE reported the appearance of [L452R, PMID: 34544043
2021
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
Conclusion: Of these, 56 (60%) sequences were of B.1.1.7/20I/501Y.V1 lineage; four isolated from early February through mid-March were of a B.1.1.519/20B lineage including three sequences with the T478K mutation that has been reported from the designated BV-2 (hCoV-19/USA/GHRC-BV2-EQ04518823/2021, hCOV-19/USA/GHRC-BV2-EQ04526485/2021 and hCoV-19/USA/GHRC-BV2-EQ04531246/2021), a lineage was first detected in the United States, but subsequently became common in Canada and Mexico with a peak near the end of March 2021; 22 were B.1.2/20G including BV-3, a genome very similar to other local 20G lineage sequences, except for the addition of a cluster of four spike mutations (P681H, T716I, S982A, and D1118H) that were not present in any local 20G lineage genomes, but were all present on all local 20
Review of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission.
Abstract: We predict that RBD co-mutation [A411S, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, N501Y], [L452R, T478K, E484K, N501Y], [K417N, L452R, T478K], and [P384L, K417N, E484K, N501Y] will have high chances to grow into dominating variants due to their high infectivity and/or strong ability to break through current vaccines, calling for the development of new vaccines and antib
The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of CT-P59 against Gamma, Delta and its associated variants of SARS-CoV-2.
PMID: 34547629
2021
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Introduction: T478K was a previously predominant variant in Mexico and located at the interface of RBD and ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) interaction, thereby potentially impacting viral infection.
Introduction: The Delta has L452R, T478K and P681R in the spike protein (Table 1 ) which may contribute to increased infectivity, pathogenicity and immune evasion, resulting in re-infection or resistance to vaccine-elicited antibody and therapeutic antibodies.
Result: CT-P59 was less susceptible to L452R, but retained its own neutralizing effect against T478K, and P681H (Table 2 and Supplementary.
Result: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of CT-P59 aga
Serum Neutralizing Activity of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Nature
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