Introduction: As of March 2021, the 15 most commonly observed mutations in the RBD were as follows: V3
Figure: The 15 most commonly observed mutations in the RBD were as follows: N501Y, S477N, N439K, L452R, E484K, K417N, Y453F, S494P, A520S, N501T, T478K, V367F, S477R, P384L, and A522S, which were located at 13 sites in the RBD.
Genetic variations from successive whole genome sequencing during COVID-19 treatment in five individuals.
PMID: 35035981
2022
New microbes and new infections
Table: T478K
Drastic decline in sera neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents.
Result: The Delta variant carries only L452R and T478K mutations in its RBD region, while the Omicron carries as much as fifteen RBD mutations of G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H.
The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 Beta underscores the antigenic distance to other variants.
Introduction: The RBD mutations found in Alpha (N501Y), Beta (K417N, E484K, and N501Y), Gamma (K417T, E484K, and N501Y), and Delta (L452R and T478K) are located in or closely adjacent to the ACE2-interacting surface where they have the potential to modulate ACE2 interaction or disrupt the binding of neutralizing mAbs.
Figure: (A-F) Neutralization assays performed against Victoria, Alpha (N501Y), Beta (K417N, E484K, and N501Y), Gamma (K417T, PMID: 34915409
2022
International immunopharmacology
Introduction: Currently, there are four variants of concerns: Alpha variant (B.1.1.7; RBD mutations: N501Y, A570D), Beta (B.1.351; RBD mutations: K417N, E484K, and N501Y), Gamma (P.1, B.1.1.28.1; RBD mutations: K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y) and Delta (B.1.617.2; RBD mutations: L452R, T478K).
Omicron and Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2: A comparative computational study of spike protein.
Abstract: Based on docking studies, the Q493R, N501Y, S371L, S373P, S375F, Q498R, and T478K mutations contribute significantly to high binding affinity with human ACE2.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting two immunodominant epitopes on the Spike protein neutralize emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Method: It is the ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed in HEK293 cells, which contains amino acids Val16 - Pro1213 of Spike (GenBank: QHD43416.1) with T4 fibritin trimerization motif, a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus, proline substitutions (F817P, A892P, A899P, A942P, K986P, V987P) and alanine substitutions (R683A and R685A) to stabilize the trimeric pre-fusion conformation, and mutations identified in the Omicron variant (A67V, HV69-70del, T95I, G142D, VYY143-145del, N211del,
Highly sensitive and specific detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant by double-mismatch allele-specific real time reverse transcription PCR.
Abstract: The technique exploits allele-specific primers, targeting two spike gene mutations, L452R and T478K, within the same amplicon.
Introduction: In contrast, the double-mismatch allele-specific real time RT-PCR (DMAS-RT-PCR) method that we describe here does not exhibit such non-specificity because it targets two separate Delta spike gene mutations, L452R and T478K, within the same amplicon.
Method: Some of these individual mutations are shared by other variants but we noted that the combination of spike mutations L452R and T478K (nucleotide positions T22917G and C22995A, respectively) withi
Simultaneous Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants Using High-Resolution Melting Analysis.
Abstract: In this study, we successfully developed a novel screening assay using high-resolution melting analysis, in which two genotypes at G446/L452 and S477/T478 RBD were determined (G446S/L452 and S477N/T478K for Omicron; G446/L452R and S477/T478K for Delta).
Genomic characterization unravelling the causative role of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of lineage B.1.617.2 in 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh, India.
Result: Among these, forty-seven (47, 56.6%) sequences exhibiting eight nonsynonymous mutations (T19R, G142D, E156G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R and D950 N) and two deletions of F157del and R158del have shown two mutational group of with (twenty seven sequences) and without (twenty sequences) G142D mutation (Table 1).
Result: Delta variant exhibited L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950 N mutations in all seventeen cases, while t
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Journal of medical virology
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