Result: N501Y, L452R, and S477N mutants exhibited high affinity for ACE2 and exhibited 9.24- to 14.66-fold higher binding affinity than wildtype RBD.
Result: Notably, the most frequent RBD variants seen in clinical isolates, N501Y and S477N, remained similarly sensitive to the majority of the selected NAbs; only 24-1L failed to neutralize N501Y.
Result: Unlike N501Y, which induced tighter binding with ACE2, S477N and L452R occurred at sites that were likely not in the ACE2 contact region.
Result: We observed that the substitution N501Y and PMID: 34655895
2021
Computers in biology and medicine
Result: According to the MM/GBSA analysis, the reported mutations (N439K, S477 N, and T478K) enhanced the binding affinity toward the ACE2 receptor compared with the wild-type RBD complex.
Result: Conversely, the RMSD remained slightly higher for the S477 N than for the wild type, but the system exhibited a dynamically stable behavior, thus achieving stable binding of the mutant RBD.
Result: Due to the high credibility of this method, we analyzed the effect of the reported mutations in the RBD domain (N439K, S477 N, and T478K) on the interaction network with the human receptor ACE2.
Result: During the entire simulation, t
Evidence for retained spike-binding and neutralizing activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in serum of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine recipients.
Result: Sera from participants who were naive prior to vaccination (N=20, 8 viruses) neutralized WT WA1/USA (GMT: 356) and Iota (parental, GMT: 289, P: not significant) to comparable levels followed by - in decreasing order - Iota+E484K (GMT: 233, P: 0.0019), Gamma (GMT: 120, P: 0.0004), Iota+S477N (GMT: 197, P: 0.0009), Alpha+484K (GMT: 99, P: 0.0001), Beta (GMT: 91, P: < 0.0001) and Lambda subvariant (GMT: 84, P: < 0.0001).
Result: There was, however, a small but statistically significant reduction in neutralization activity against the Iota variant with the S477N substitution (GMT: 298, 1.9-fold reduction; P < 0.5) and the Delta (GMT: 218, 2.6-fold, P < 0.01).
Result: These isolates represent the three sublineages found in the NYC variants of interest: Iota (no change in RBD), Iota+E484K, Iota+
Result: During this period, N501Y, L452R and T478K mutations increased by 15.39, 23.06 and 26.75% points, respectively, while E484K, S477N, K417T and S494P mutations decreased by 1.35, 3.09, 0.37 and 0.88% points, respectively.
Result: Further, we observed a considerable prevalence of other adaptive mutations in the RBD, namely L452R, T478K, E484K, S477N, K417T, N439K and S494P.
Result: In T3, mutations N439K, PMID: 34700382
2021
mBio
Result: Dual mutants containing D614G and other amino acid changes, including those under positive selection or observed in VOCs (L5F, L18F, S98F, W152L/C, E154K, L222V, and A262S in S1-NTD; N439K, L452Q/R, S477N, L478R/K, E484K/Q, N501Y, and A570D within S1-RBD; Q677H/P and P681H/R in S1-CTD; T716I,
Prediction of the Effects of Variants and Differential Expression of Key Host Genes ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: An In Silico Approach.
PMID: 34720581
2021
Bioinformatics and biology insights
Result: We also analyzed the effect of 27 missense variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD) on the binding interaction of spike protein with ACE2 and observed that L452Q, T478K, L455F, F456L, S459F, A475V, N439K, L452R, T470N, E484D, E484A, E484K, E484Q, F486L, S494P, S494L, N501T, PMID: 34733263
2021
Frontiers in microbiology
Result: R6997P and V30L co-occurred and rapidly increased starting in July 2020; M3087I, X5167Y, K4576N, N5542D, A376T, and S5585I co-occurred and gradually increased; and S477N started to rise in June but decreased again in July (Figure 3B).
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Genome medicine
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