Result: First, the 10 most observed or fast-growing RBD mutations are N501Y, L452R, T478K, E484K, K417T, S477N, N439K, K417N, F490S, and S494P, as shown in Table 1.
Result: Note that high-frequency mutation S477N does not significantly weaken any antibody and RBD binding and thus does not appear in any prevailing variants.
Table: S477N
Conformational Flexibility and Local Frustration in the Functional States of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants: Mutation-Induced Allosteric Modulation Mechanism of Functional Dynamics and Protein Stability.
PMID: 35163572
2022
International journal of molecular sciences
Introduction: These studies suggested that the N501Y and S477N mutations enhance transmission primarily by enhancing binding, and that the K417N/T mutations facilitate immune escape, and the E484K mutation enhances binding and immune escape.
Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 haplotype distribution in early pandemic.
Discussion: In addition, several studies have confirmed that N439K, S477N, E484K, and N501Y mutation resulted in immune escape by developing resistance to the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody.
Genomic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Algeria and North African Countries: What We Know So Far and What We Expect?
Result: In addition, fifteen other substitutions affect the spike protein including Q954H, N764K, H655Y, K417N, G339D, N211K, Q493R, S371L, S373P, S375F, S477N, T478K, E484A, N440K and G446S were detected as the most frequent mutation events in more than 84% of total genomes.
Result: All SARS-CoV-2 genomes detected showed that the virus belonged to the clade 20A.EU2, with the presence of the characteristic S477N and the D614G mutations on the spike protein.
SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 variant is neutralized by vaccine booster-elicited serum, but evades most convalescent serum and therapeutic antibodies.
PMID: 35380448
2022
Science translational medicine
Result: We compared the neutralization titers of these serum samples against pseudoviruses bearing spike proteins from the following variants: D614G, Omicron (A67V, del69-70, T95I, del142-144, Y145D, del211, L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R,
Mutational cascade of SARS-CoV-2 leading to evolution and emergence of omicron variant.
Inhibitor screening using microarray identifies the high capacity of neutralizing antibodies to Spike variants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
Result: The most prevalent D614G mutation and some mutations of interest (i.e., N501Y, L452R, K417N, N439K, S477N, S494P) were among the variants printed.
Discussion: The S variants tested here contain mutations that were selected from the COVID-19 virus mutation tracker database and literature, including known mutations like N501Y, L452R, K417N, N439K, S477N and S494P, and less publicized mutations (Figure S2).
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
medRxiv
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