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 SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.


  Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 mutations in the United States suggests presence of four substrains and novel variants.
 PMID: 33589648       2021       Communications biology
Abstract: One of the top mutations, 27964C > T-(S24L) on ORF8, has an unusually strong gender dependence.
Introduction: Finally, mutations 23403A>G-(D614G) and 27964C>T-(S24L) likely strengthen the folding stability of the spike protein and ORF8 protein.
Introduction: Moreover, a US-unique mutation, 27964C>T-(S24L), shows an interesting female-dominated pattern.


  Genomic mutations and changes in protein secondary structure and solvent accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus).
 PMID: 33568759       2021       Scientific reports
Table: S24L
Figure: Protein ORF3a: two spikes at Q57H (2795) and G251V (206); protein ORF8: two spikes at S24L (320) and L84S (1000); protein N: R203K (876) and G204R (433); Other proteins E, M, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b and ORF10 are almost entirely stable.


  Mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 during six months of COVID-19 pandemic.
 PMID: 33490718       2021       Gene reports
Abstract: L84S is by far the most predominant mutation, followed by S24L that appeared first in USA.
Abstract: Genetic diversity analysis showed two main regions that harbor L84S and S24L.
Result: 74 different double co-mutations were also observed, with L84S, V62L being the most frequent, and were found in 330 sequences, followed by L84S,A65S and L84S,E19D that were found in 28 and 27 different sequences respectively, and finally S24L, S69L that were found in 17 different sequences.


  Variant analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.
 PMID: 32742035       2020       Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Table: S24L


  Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 mutations in the United States.
 PMID: 32818213       2020       Research square
Abstract: We identify that one of the top mutations, 27964C>T-(S24L) on ORF8, has an unusually strong gender dependence.
Introduction: Among them, mutations 17858A>G-(Y541C), 17747C>T-(P504L), and 27964C>T-(S24L) were originated and prevalent mainly in the US, attributing to the unique characteristics of COVID-19 in the US.
Introduction: Based on genotyping results, top eight missense mutations (i.e., 14408C>T-(P323L), 23403A>G-(D614G), 25563G>



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