literature

SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.

Emergence of a novel SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineage B.1.1.526 in West Bengal, India.

PMID: 34896696 2022 Journal of infection and public health

Introduction: Along with the clade specific mutations, these variants have their own sets of characteristics mutations including several mutations in the S glycoprotein like Delta69-70, Delta144-145, N501Y, A570D, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H in the Alpha variant; D80A, D215G, Delta241-243, K417N, E484K, N501Y, A701V in the Beta variant; L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S,

A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain).

PMID: 34842496 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Discussion: Also, P681R is shared by other lineages, and it was firstly reported for lineage A.23.1.

Discussion: This emergent variant is carrying mutations in the RBD (L452R and T478K) and in the polybasic region (P681R).

Pan-SARS neutralizing responses after third boost vaccination in non-human primate immunogenicity model.

PMID: 35101265 2022 Vaccine

Table: P681R

Enhanced fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta P681R mutation.

PMID: 34823256 2022 Nature

Method: A plasmid expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S D614G/P681R mutant was generated by site-directed mutagenesis PCR using pC-SARS2-S D614G as the template and the following primers: P681R Fw, 5'-CCAGACCAACAGCCGGAGGAGGGCAAGGTCT-3' and P681R Rv, 5'-AGACCTTGCCCTCCTCCGGCTGTTGGTCTGG-3'.

Method: For virological examinations, four hamsters per group were intranasally infected with the D614G or the D614G/P681R viruses (104 TCID50 in 30 mul); at 3 and 7 d.p.i., the hamsters were euthanized, and nasal turbinates and lungs were collected.

Method: four hamsters per group were intranasally inoculated with the D614

COVID-19 Delta variation; more contagious or more pernicious?

PMID: 35075065 2022 Acta bio-medica

Abstract: More detailed analysis disclosed that the prevailing lineage in distribution is a novel identified lineage B.1.617 holding in common signature mutations D111D, G142D, L452R, E484Q, D614G, and P681R, in the spike protein, containing within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) [2, 3].

Introduction: It was first classified in India in December 2020 and quickly established itself as the most common lineage within the country, leading to an ultimate increase in the number of cases and daily deaths and overburdening of health systems in April 2021 More detailed analysis disclosed that the prevailing lineage in distribution is a novel identified lineage B.1.617 holding in common signature mutations

PMID: 35065253 2022 Microbial pathogenesis

Result: Among these, forty-seven (47, 56.6%) sequences exhibiting eight nonsynonymous mutations (T19R, G142D, E156G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R and D950 N) and two deletions of F157del and R158del have shown two mutational group of with (twenty seven sequences) and without (twenty sequences) G142D mutation (Table 1).

Result: Delta variant exhibited L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950 N mutations in all seventeen cases, while t

Haplotype distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in low and high vaccination rate countries during ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021.

PMID: 34848355 2022 Infection, genetics and evolution

Result: Haplotype 2B containing the mutations at nsp12 P323L, Spike D614G, ORF3a Q57H, and nsp2 I85I emerged post 6-month spread, evolved into five sub-haplotypes, such as additional mutations at nsp3 K837N, spike protein D80A and D215G in sub-haplotype 2B_1, spike L5F, T95I, D253G in sub-haplotype 2B_4, and spike

Drastic decline in sera neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents.

PMID: 35060426 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Introduction: Different spike mutations emerged and became dominant in the emerged variants of concern (VOC), such as the representative mutations D614G, N501Y, E484Q/K, L452R, P681R in the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants.

Discussion: P681R has been demonstrated increased fusion in the Delta variant and is associated with the higher pathogenicity of the Delta variant.

A second functional furin site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

PMID: 34856891 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Discussion: Both Alpha and Delta variants have mutations near the classical furin cleavage site (P681H/R).

Discussion: Previous studies suggested that the P681H mutation enhanced the cleavage of S protein by furin, while P681R promoted cell-cell fusion.

Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Emerging Immune-Escape Variants of SARS-CoV-2.

PMID: 35223905 2022 Frontiers in medicine

Method: For instance, a Delta variant spike haplotype consisting of T19R, 256_258delinsG, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950N is also assigned to another haplotype group of T19R, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950N, which is missing a 256_258delinsG variant.

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