Abstract: The substitutions T478K and L452R in the Delta variant enhance associations with ACE2, whereas P681R promotes recognition by proteases, thus facilitating viral entry.
Rapid detection of the widely circulating B.1.617.2 (Delta) SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Abstract: Whole genome sequencing of 46 randomly selected samples validated the strains identified as positive and negative for the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant and confirmed the S gene deletion in addition to B.1.617.2 characteristic mutations
Result: Genome sequencing of 46 samples confirmed with 100% accuracy the S gene deletion in addition to B.1.617.2 characteristic L452R, T478K, P681R, and D950N mutations located in the spike protein.
Result: In addition, non-synonymous mutations C>G (T19R), T>G (L452R), C>A (T478K), C>G (P681R) and G>A G (D950N) were identified.
Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the human host.
Result: Our data suggest that this substitution P681R in Kappa and Delta spikes, as well as P681H in Omicron spike, will also increase stability of the receptor-bound form of these spikes, accounting at least in part for their increased transmissibility.
Result: The recent variants of concern B.1.617 (Kappa) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) contain the substitution P681R, which also results in full cleavage.
Rapidly Identifying New Coronavirus Mutations of Potential Concern in the Omicron Variant Using an Unsupervised Learning Strategy.
Introduction: For example, we observed the emergence of the P681R mutation in the U.S.
Introduction: The Omicron variants thus far display the P681H mutation observed in earlier Alpha variants, unlike the P681R mutation observed in Delta, which has been documented experimentally to contribute to increased infectivity.
Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Emerging Immune-Escape Variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Method: For instance, a Delta variant spike haplotype consisting of T19R, 256_258delinsG, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950N is also assigned to another haplotype group of T19R, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950N, which is missing a 256_258delinsG variant.
A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations.
Introduction: Few mutations include K417T/N, E484K, L452R, N501Y, P681R, D614G, etc.
Introduction: In this direction, we illustrated the mutations in the RBD region (N439K, L452R, E484K, N501Y, K444R) and other regions (D614G, P681R) of the S-glycoprotein.
Introduction: Several mutations have been observed among VOI, and so
Table: P681R
Classical and Next-Generation Vaccine Platforms to SARS-CoV-2: Biotechnological Strategies and Genomic Variants.
PMID: 35206580
2022
International journal of environmental research and public health
Introduction: It carries the common genomic variants D111D, G142D, D614G, and P681R in the spike protein, including the receptor-binding domain (RBD).
Introduction: The enhanced transmissibility is in part due to increased ACE2 binding and rate of S1-S2 cleavage by RBD associated with genomic variants L452R with P681R in the furin cleavage site.
Emergency SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: Novel Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Rapid Detection and Surveillance.
Abstract: This multiplex PCR typing method was established to detect 9 mutations with specific primers and probes (DeltaHV 69/70, K417T, K417N, L452R, E484K, E484Q, N501Y, P681H, and P681R) against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV
Result: Using the LightCycler 96 Thermocycler (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), the LoD obtained from the 20 replicate tests was 30 copies/muL for the mutant N501Y and 60 copies/muL for the mutants DeltaHV 69/70, K417N, E484K, L452R, and P681R (Table 1).
High throughput sequencing based direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 fragments in wastewater of Pune, West India.
PMID: 34688738
2022
The Science of the total environment
Result: Notably, nine mutations in the Spike region (S: L452R, S:C480R, S: E484Q, S: D614G, S: P681R, S: N801, S: D950N, S: Q1071H, S: P1140) were observed in this study (Table 1, Supplementary Table 2).
Table: P681R
Spike protein cleavage-activation mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 P681R mutation: a case-study from its first appearance in variant of interest (VOI) A.23.1 identified in Uganda.
Abstract: Of 379 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 samples collected in New York, USA, we detected 86 Omicron variant sequences containing Delta variant mutation P681R.
Abstract: Repeated library preparation with fewer cycles showed the P681R calls were artifactual.
Introduction: A total of 59 samples showed P681H on this repeated testing; only 2 still showed P681R, 1 at 0.52 frequency (down from 0.98) and 1 at 0.94, exactly as the previous sequence, suggesting a true P681R call, possibly co-infection with Delta, because the Ct for this sample was low (Ct = 17).
Introduction: Amplification artifact in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sequences carrying P681R mutation, New York, USA.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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