8Discussion: By virtue of sharing three critical mutations in the spike protein with the delta variant (L452R, E484Q and P681R), the kappa variant can be
Abstract: This relative consolidation of the kappa variant was significant, since it shared 3 of the 4 signature mutations (L452R, E484Q and P681R) observed in the spike protein of delta variant and thus was likely to be the precursor in its evolution.
Result: In addition, P681R mutation in the spike protein of the kappa variant was significant in view of its location being adjacent to the furin cleavage site and thereby having the potential to influence viral entry into the host cell.
Curcumin Inhibits In Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vero E6 Cells through Multiple Antiviral Mechanisms.
Discussion: Taking into account that curcumin exhibited inhibition against D614G strain, through different treatment strategies, this compound was evaluated against infection by the Delta variant which contains mutations in the spike protein (L452R, T478K, P681R, and D614G) associated with an increase in viral infectivity, transmissibility and pathogenicity in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and a decrease in antibody-mediated neutralization.
Codon usage, phylogeny and binding energy estimation predict the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
PMID: 34841034
2021
One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Introduction: P681R, which instead of operating on ACE2 receptor binding seems to primarily act on S1/S2 cleavage by furin.
Phylogenomics and population genomics of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico during the pre-vaccination stage reveals variants of interest B.1.1.28.4 and B.1.1.222 or B.1.1.519 and the nucleocapsid mutation S194L associated with symptoms.
Figure: Right: positions of the important mutations S477N, T478K, E484K, D614G, P681H/R and T732A in two different regions.
Discussion: Like variant 20A/478K.V1, the latter VOC includes the mutations T478K and P681H/R.
Discussion: On the other hand, 20B/478K.V1, with mutations T478K, P681R/H and T732A in its spike protein, can undoubtedly be classified as a VOI, with the potential to become a VOC.
Discussion: The other hotspot is within S1-S2 subdomains, and which includes the furin-like protease cleavage site, and contains PMID: 34858404
2021
Frontiers in immunology
Introduction: Delta exhibits unique mutations (L452R, T478K and P681R), which may increase viral infectivity and viral fusion.
Discussion: The Delta variant (first identified in India) exhibit the RBD mutations T478K, L452R and P681R and is currently a cause of concern due to its high transmissibility and may even surpass other variants in this regard.
Evolutionary and Antigenic Profiling of the Tendentious D614G Mutation of SARS-CoV-2 in Gujarat, India.
Result: After D614G, P681R occurred in 1455 of the analyzed sequences.
Result: Such difference currently is observed in the P681R mutation, which is the hallmark mutation of the Delta variant wherein the percentage occurrence is 20% higher in the Gujarat region compared to the global.
Result: The P681R has outraced other major mutations in Discussion: In addition, it is concurrently seen with other mutations like P681R, L452R, T19R, E156G, T478K.
Discussion: The observation that the P681R was the second most prevalent mutation reveals the recent high dominance of the Delta variant in the region.
Additional Positive Electric Residues in the Crucial Spike Glycoprotein S Regions of the New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Emergence of Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants in India: second wave.
PMID: 34898481
2021
Journal of infection in developing countries
Abstract: The remaining sequences were assigned to clade 20H, 20J, 20D, 20C, 20G,20E,19A and 19B.The spike mutation frequencies of L452R, E484Q and P681R in Indian state of Maharashtra were 62.4%, 66.5% and 61.5% respectively.
Clinical and genomic signatures of rising SARS-CoV-2 Delta breakthrough infections in New York.
Discussion: P681H/R mutations were both detected more frequently among breakthrough infections in our previous study of breakthrough infections in New York when Alpha and Iota variants were dominant regionally, and in this study during the current Delta wave.
Discussion: Efficient spike cleavage (P681H/R) and replicative competence appear to be central checkpoints for SARS-CoV-2's epidemiological success, with Delta being improved compared to Alpha.
Discussion: Third, Delta carries the P681R substitution in the spike furin cleavage site, which triggers enhanced S1/S2 cleavage and might explain Delta's increased replication rate in vitro.
Conclusion: Some important mutations in such sequences pertaining to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 are T19R, G142D, E156-, F157-, L452R, T478K, and P681R.
Introduction: On the other hand, the variant B.1.617.2 was first identified in India with L452R, T478K, D614G, and P681R mutations in Spike glycoprotein.
Result: For example, it can be seen from both the figures that both P681H and P681R, which are part of the variant of concerns Alpha or B.1.1.7 and Delta or B.1.617.2, have evolved over time globally an
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
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