Introduction: The B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 spike proteins mediated higher fusion activity and syncytium formation than WT, probably mediated by P681R (Extended Data.
Impact of the Delta variant on vaccine efficacy and response strategies.
Introduction: P681R/P681H also exists in several variants under investigati
Introduction: A pseudovirus neutralization test showed that the D614G/P681R virus has partial (1.2-1.5 times) resistance to three monoclonal antibodies against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 S protein.
Introduction: An in vitro study has shown that the P681R mutation does not increase infectivity; however, the mutant virus shows higher pathogenicity than that of the parent SARS-CoV-2 virus in infected hamsters.
Introduction: In addition, the P681R mutation promoted the cleavage of the spike protein (S protein) mediated by furin and accelerated cell-cell fusion.
Possible Link between Higher Transmissibility of Alpha, Kappa and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Increased Structural Stability of Its Spike Protein and hACE2 Affinity.
PMID: 34502041
2021
International journal of molecular sciences
Introduction: All these lineages have conserved L452R, D614G and P681R (accessed on 6 June 2021).
Introduction: The Kappa is characterized by E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, Q1071H mutations in the spike protein and Delta by T19R, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N mutations while the B.1.617.3 lineage has T19R, L452R, E484Q
Dynamics prediction of emerging notable spike protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 implies a need for updated vaccines.
Figure: * The codes on the x and y axes of the matrix include: s001A: 20A, s002A: 19A, s003A: 20A/S.A262S, s004A: 20A/S.A701V, s005A: 20A/S.D80A, s006A: 20A/S.E484K, s007A: 20A/S.E484Q, s008A: 20A/S.K417 N, s009A: 20A/S.L452R, s010A: 20A/S.N501T, s011A: 20A/S.N501Y, s012A: 20A/S.P681H, s013A: 20A/S.P681R, s014A: 20A/S.Q675H, s015A: 20A/S.Q675P, s016A: 20A/S.Q677H, s017A: 20A/S.Q677P, s018A: 20A/S.V1176F, s019A: 20A/S.A222V, s020A: 20A/S.
The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of CT-P59 against Gamma, Delta and its associated variants of SARS-CoV-2.
PMID: 34547629
2021
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Introduction: Delta and Kappa have a P681R mutation at furin cleavage sites (681PRRAR/S686).
Introduction: Recent studies showed that P681R enhances spike cleavage and fusion for viral entry, suggesting augmented transmissibility and pathogenicity.
Introduction: The Delta has L452R, T478K and P681R in the spike protein (Table 1 ) which may contribute to increased infectivity, pathogenicity and immune evasion, resulting in re-infection or resistance to vaccine-elicited antibody and therapeutic antibodies.
Table: P681R
Serum Neutralizing Activity of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Clinical Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Samples from COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections during the Second Wave among the Various States of India.
Result: Common in B.1.617.2 lineage: ORF1ab P4715L; spikeT19R, L452R, T478K, D614G, and P681R; ORF3a S26L; M I82T; ORF7a V82A and T120I; and N D63G, R203M, and D377Y.
Emergence and Spread of a B.1.1.28-Derived P.6 Lineage with Q675H and Q677H Spike Mutations in Uruguay.
Discussion: Consistent with this notion, a recent study that used a reverse genetic system and primary human airway cultures identified mutation S:P681R as a significant determinant for enhanced viral replication fitness of the VOC Delta, and supported that Spike mutations that potentially affect furin cleavage efficiency must be closely monitored for future variant surveillance.
Discussion: Moreover, mutations close to or at the polybasic cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary have been reported in several VOCs and VOIs, including: Alpha (S:P681H), Beta (A701V), Delta (P681R), Eta (Q677H), Iota (A701V), Kappa (P681R), and Theta (P.3, PMID: 34601723
2021
The EMBO journal
Discussion: Indeed, the analogous P681R mutation present in B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.3 variants increases S1/S2 cleavage and facilitates syncytia formation (Jiang et al,; preprint: Ferreira et al,).
Evaluation of the clinical and analytical performance of the Seegene allplex SARS-CoV-2 variants I assay for the detection of variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interests (VOI).
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Nature
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