Abstract: Extensive analysis has indicated that the critical P681R mutation produces new C/H-CrUPs around the R685 cleavage site, while the L452R mutation causes loss of antigenicity of the NF9 peptide and strong(er) binding of the virus to its ACE2 receptor protein.
Result: Ana
Table: P681R
Figure: Green lines indicate the new created mutant C/H-CrUPs that derive from the P681H and P681R mutations in Alpha and Delta variants, respectively.
Figure: Purple blocks mark the point mutations around this position, while red outline indicates the Delta and Kappa variants carrying the critical mutation P681R.
Figure: Red lines denote C/H-CrUPs produced by the P681H and P681R mutations.
Molecular definition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor-binding domain mutations: Receptor affinity versus neutralization of receptor interaction.
Spike protein cleavage-activation mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 P681R mutation: a case-study from its first appearance in variant of interest (VOI) A.23.1 identified in Uganda.
Abstract: However, these changes in infectivity were not reproduced in the original Wuhan-Hu-1 spike bearing only the P681R substitution.
Abstract: Our findings suggest that while A.23.1 has increased furin-mediated cleavage linked to the P681R substitution, which may affect viral infection and transmissibility, this substitution alone is not sufficient and needs to occur on the background of other spike protein changes to enable its full functional consequences.
Abstract: The A.23 viral lineage, characterized by three spike mutations F157L, V367F and Q613H, was first identified in COVID-19 cases from a Ugandan prison in July 2020, and then was identified in the gen
Occurrence of a novel cleavage site for cathepsin G adjacent to the polybasic sequence within the proteolytically sensitive activation loop of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: The amino acid substitution N679K and P681H of the spike protein.
Result: However, CatG cleaved SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptide with a substrate turnover rate of approximately 20%.
Result: In an additional experiment, we tested whether the digestion pattern might change when SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptide will be incubated with CatG and NE or CatG, furin, and NE.
Result: Strikingly, a novel cleavage site was detected for SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptide between 679KS680.
Discussion: Furthermore, the increased turnover capacity of furin and the fact that furin (CatG) controlled the processing of SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptide in contrast to NE, indicate to target furin and, most likely, CatG with selectiv
Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2: Mutations, impact, challenges and possible solutions.
PMID: 35507895
2022
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
Abstract: The enhanced transmissibility of Delta variant has been associated with critical mutations such as D614G, L452R, P681R, and T478K in the S-protein.
RBD-mRNA vaccine induces broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and multiple other variants and protects mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Abstract: The RBD-mRNA-induced antibodies exerted moderate neutralization against authentic B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529 variants, and pseudotyped B.1.351 and P.1 lineage variants containing K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y mutations, the B.1.617.2 lineage variant harboring L452R, T478K, and P681R mutations, and the B.1.1.529 lineage variant containing 38 mutations in the S protein.
SARS-CoV-2 mutations acquired during serial passage in human cell lines are consistent with several of those found in recent natural SARS-CoV-2 variants.
PMID: 35474907
2022
Computational and structural biotechnology journal
Introduction: For example, the D614G and P681R mutations in the spike protein were associated with increased viral replication in human lung epithelial cells and enhanced viral pathogenicity, respectively.
Functional Analysis of Spike from SARS-CoV-2 Variants Reveals the Role of Distinct Mutations in Neutralization Potential and Viral Infectivity.
Abstract: Our functional analysis demonstrates that single, P681H, P681R or A701V-FCS mutations do not play a role in viral infectivity and neutralization potential.
Result: Our findings demonstrate that pseudoviruses carrying either Alpha-FCS-P681H mutation, Beta-A701V, or Delta-P681R efficiently transduce their target cells, and infectivity levels were similar to the levels exhibited by pseudoviruses that carried Wuhan wild-type P681 spike.
Result: The Delta spike carries unique RBD mutations including L452R, T478K, and P681R.
Result: These included eit
Characteristic analysis of Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Result: P681H mutation in the Alpha and Omicron strains and P681R mutation in the Delta strain reduced the acidity of the amino acids, thereby improved furin recognition and the digesting efficiency, which means that more virus particles will enter the host cell.
Result: In the Delta strain, the L452R mutation seems to enhance antigenicity, whereas G142D has no effect on the epitope, but the P681R mutation seems to cause a slight decrease in the antigen score, which may have a certain effect on the epitope (Figure 2E).
Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.
PMID: 35433495
2022
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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