Method: The SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1 spike, cloned into pCDNA3.1, was mutated using the QuikChange Lightning Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit (Agilent Technologies) and NEBuilder HiFi DNA Assembly Master Mix (NEB) to include D614G (wild-type) or lineage defining mutations for Beta (L18F, D80A, D215G, 241-243del, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G and Result: Amino acid substitutions close to the furin cleavage site, including H655Y and P681R/H, have been shown to increase S1/S2 cleavage efficiency, and have also been observed in other VOCs and VOIs, such as Alpha, Delta, Gamma, Mu, and Kappa (S1/S2 region in.
Unique peptide signatures of SARS-ComicronV-2 virus against human proteome reveal variants' immune escape and infectiveness.
5Result: Notably, among these four new peptides (Table 5), the only one that embraces Furin's cleavage site is the ""SRRRAR S"" C/H-CrUP, which is solely generated by the P681R mutation carried by the Delta and Kappa
Result: Analysis of the wild-type C/H-CrUPs and the new formed, mutation-induced, C/H-CrUPs in Spike protein unveiled that the mutation-driven, novel, peptides are created exclusively around the critical R685 S cleavage site by the two pathogenic mutations P681H and P681R (Table 5 ).
Result: Most importantly, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant that carries the critical mutation P681R seems to be more infectious and pathogenic than the wild-type virus form, while the importance of this mutation has very recently begun to be recognized.
Comparative genomics, evolutionary epidemiology, and RBD-hACE2 receptor binding pattern in B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) related to their pandemic response in UK and India.
PMID: 35427787
2022
Infection, genetics and evolution
Figure: (I) Molecular association between the residues in the wild-type P681R mutation.
Figure: (J) The schematic diagram shows the molecular association between the residues in the wild-type P681R mutation.
Figure: (K) Molecular association between the residues in the mutant type P681R mutation.
Figure: (L) The schematic diagram shows the molecular association between the residues of mutant type P681R mutation.
Figure: The diagram shows significant mutations in B.1.1.7 (N501Y, D614G, and P681R) and B.1.617.2 (N501Y, D614G, L452R, E484Q, and P681R
Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.
PMID: 35433495
2022
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Table: P681R
Antigenicity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages with other variants contained multiple mutations in RBD.
Result: P681H mutation in the Alpha and Omicron strains and P681R mutation in the Delta strain reduced the acidity of the amino acids, thereby improved furin recognition and the digesting efficiency, which means that more virus particles will enter the host cell.
Result: In the Delta strain, the L452R mutation seems to enhance antigenicity, whereas G142D has no effect on the epitope, but the P681R mutation seems to cause a slight decrease in the antigen score, which may have a certain effect on the epitope (Figure 2E).
Occurrence of a novel cleavage site for cathepsin G adjacent to the polybasic sequence within the proteolytically sensitive activation loop of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: The amino acid substitution N679K and P681H of the spike protein.
Result: However, CatG cleaved SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptide with a substrate turnover rate of approximately 20%.
Result: In a first set of investigations, a prediction approach of cleavage sites for the SARS-CoV-1 660YHTVSLLRSTSQKS673, SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan) 678TNSPRRARSVASQS691, SARS-CoV-2 P681H (Alpha) 678TNSHRRARSVASQS691, and SARS-CoV-2 P681R (Delta) 678TNSRRRARSVASQS691, SARS-CoV-2 N679K (C.1.2) 674YQTQTKSPRRARSVASQS691, and SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) 674YQTQTKSHRRARSVASQS691.
Result: In an additional experiment, we tested whether the digestion pattern might change when SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptide will be incubated with Cat
Functional Analysis of Spike from SARS-CoV-2 Variants Reveals the Role of Distinct Mutations in Neutralization Potential and Viral Infectivity.
Introduction: Here we used pseudoviruses to monitor the effects of FCS-spike mutations of either Alpha/Omicron (P681H), Beta (A701V), or Delta (P681R) on viral infectivity and neutralization sensitivity against sera that was drawn from fully vaccinated individuals.
Introduction: Our analysis shows that, similarly to Delta pseudoviruses that carry L452R, T478K, and P681R, pseudoviruses with single L452R or K478T RBB mutations display a moderate reduction in neutralization sensitivity relative to wild-type SARS-CoV-2.
Introduction: Single mutations within the FCS region were inserted to the wild-type Wuhan spike, as we demonstrated that
SARS-CoV-2 mutations acquired during serial passage in human cell lines are consistent with several of those found in recent natural SARS-CoV-2 variants.
PMID: 35474907
2022
Computational and structural biotechnology journal
Introduction: For example, the D614G and P681R mutations in the spike protein were associated with increased viral replication in human lung epithelial cells and enhanced viral pathogenicity, respectively.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Science translational medicine
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