Result: Our data suggest that this substitution P681R in Kappa and Delta spikes, as well as P681H in Omicron spike, will also increase stability of the receptor-bound form of these spikes, accounting at least in part for their increased transmissibility.
Result: The recent variants of concern B.1.617 (Kappa) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) contain the substitution P681R, which also results in full cleavage.
Spike protein cleavage-activation mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 P681R mutation: a case-study from its first appearance in variant of interest (VOI) A.23.1 identified in Uganda.
Result: Most of these studies focus on the clinical or experimental observations to demonstrate the danger of mutations, especially the P681R near the furin cleavage site in the SD2-FP domain of the S-protein, but, to the best of our knowledge, no theoretical explanation or computational studies have been reported so far.
Result: Table S2 lists the structure information from VASP optimization for the four SD2-FP models in the Delta variant: (a) wild type (WT), (b) mutated P681R (R681), (c) mutated D614G (G614), and (d) double mutation (DM) labeled as G614-R681.
Discussion: Importantly, the P681R mutation reduces the local rigidity, as evidenced by the NN AABP values (Table 1).
Discussion: The data in Table 1 reveal that D614G and P681R
Evolutionary history of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant of concern (P.1): a perfect storm.
PMID: 35266951
2022
Genetics and molecular biology
Result: In addition, the Delta-like (EPI_ISL_7698448) strain was compared to the reference SARS-CoV-2 genome isolate (Wuhan-Hu-1, NC_045512.2) (Table 5), and it was assigned to the lineage B.1.617.2 + AY.43 strain using the Pangolin tool based on the presence of the nonsynonymous mutations or deletions A1306S, A1809V, P2046L, P2287S, V2930L, T3255I, T3646A, P4715L, G5063S, L5230I, P5401L, and A6319V in the ORF1ab gene; T19R, G142D, EFR156G (F157Delta, R158Delt
Cross-Neutralizing Breadth and Longevity Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants After Infections.
Introduction: B.1.617.2, which was confirmed in India, has mutations (L452R and T478K) in the RBD, leading to higher viral load in infected individuals, in addition to the P681R mutation which increases the virus transmissibility.
SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Their Impact on Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Vaccines.
Introduction: Additionally, P681R mutation at the S1-S2 cleavage site is thought to increase viral replication, leading to higher viral loads and increased transmission.
Table: P681R
Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: screening algorithm with single nucleotide polymorphism detection for the rapid identification of established and emerging variants.
PMID: 34537361
2022
Clinical microbiology and infection
Method: Using a 1-step protocol, cDNA was prepared from the RNA extracts and amplified on a LightCycler 480II (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) applying VirSNiP SARS-CoV-2 Spike N501Y, del H69/V70 (DeltaH69-V70), E484K, H655Y, L452R and P681R probe kits (TIB Molbiol, Berlin, Germany) followed by PCR melting curve analysis using the LightCycler 480 SW1.5.1 analysis software.
Result: E484K, H655Y,
Result: E484K-, H655Y-, L452R- and P681R-specific PCRs were applied according to the testing algorithm presented in Figure 1 .
A screening strategy for identifying the dominant variant of SARS-COV-2 in the fifth peak of Kurdistan- Iran population using HRM and Probe-based RT-PCR assay.
PMID: 35271889
2022
Journal of virological methods
Table: P681R
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.618 by Cell Entry and Immune Evasion.
Introduction: B.1.617.1 (Kappa), which carries E154K in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of spike, L452R and E484Q mutations in the RBD of spike, and P681R in proximity to the furin cleavage site, has been designated a variant of interest (VOI) by the World Health Organization (WHO) (https://www.who.int).
Introduction: B.1.617.2 (Delta), which carries L452R and T478K mutations in the RBD of spike, as well as P681R, has been designated a VOC (https://www.who.int).
Introduction: For the Kappa and Delta variants, this is the first time t
Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2: understanding mutations in the genome, S-glycoprotein, and antibody-binding regions.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Nature communications
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