literature

SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.

Emergence of a novel SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineage B.1.1.526 in West Bengal, India.

PMID: 34896696 2022 Journal of infection and public health

Introduction: Along with the clade specific mutations, these variants have their own sets of characteristics mutations including several mutations in the S glycoprotein like Delta69-70, Delta144-145, N501Y, A570D, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H in the Alpha variant; D80A, D215G, Delta241-243,

Discussion: Though the role of D614G in increased infectivity and transmissibility is well known, the functional relevance of P681H/R (previously observed in Alpha variant and Delta variant) and V1230L (first detected in this study) is yet to be determined.

Genomic characterization unravelling the causative role of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of lineage B.1.617.2 in 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh, India.

PMID: 35065253 2022 Microbial pathogenesis

Discussion: P681R was seen in Delta, whereas P681H was observed in Alpha variant.

Discussion: Mutation of T19R, G142D, T478K, D950 N, and two deletions of F157 and R158 were exclusively seen in the Delta variant, while other mutations namely L452R, D614G

Discussion: The Kappa variant harbored only four mutations of L452R, E484Q, D614G, and P681R.

Pan-SARS neutralizing responses after third boost vaccination in non-human primate immunogenicity model.

PMID: 35101265 2022 Vaccine

Table: P681R

Spike protein cleavage-activation mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 P681R mutation: a case-study from its first appearance in variant of interest (VOI) A.23.1 identified in Uganda.

PMID: 34823256 2022 Nature

Method: A plasmid expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S D614G/P681R mutant was generated by site-directed mutagenesis PCR using pC-SARS2-S D614G as the template and the following primers: P681R Fw, 5'-CCAGACCAACAGCCGGAGGAGGGCAAGGTCT-3' and P681R Rv, 5'-AGACCTTGCCCTCCTCCGGCTGTTGGTCTGG-3'.

Method: For virological examinations, four hamsters per group were intranasally infected with the D614G or the D614G/P681R viruses (104 TCID50 in 30 mul); at 3 and 7 d.p.i., the hamsters were euthanized, and nasal turbinates and lungs were collected.

Method: four hamsters per group were intranasally inoculated with the D614

COVID-19 Delta variation; more contagious or more pernicious?

PMID: 35075065 2022 Acta bio-medica

Abstract: More detailed analysis disclosed that the prevailing lineage in distribution is a novel identified lineage B.1.617 holding in common signature mutations

Introduction: It was first classified in India in December 2020 and quickly established itself as the most common lineage within the country, leading to an ultimate increase in the number of cases and daily deaths and overburdening of health systems in April 2021 More detailed analysis disclosed that the prevailing lineage in distribution is a novel identified lineage B.1.617 holding in common signature mutations D111D, G142D, L452R, E484Q, D614G, and P681R, in the spike protein, containing within the receptor-binding domain (RBD).

A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain).

PMID: 34842496 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Discussion: Also, P681R is shared by other lineages, and it was firstly reported for lineage A.23.1.

Discussion: This emergent variant is carrying mutations in the RBD (L452R and T478K) and in the polybasic region (P681R).

A second functional furin site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

PMID: 34856891 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Discussion: Both Alpha and Delta variants have mutations near the classical furin cleavage site (P681H/R).

Discussion: Previous studies suggested that the P681H mutation enhanced the cleavage of S protein by furin, while P681R promoted cell-cell fusion.

Drastic decline in sera neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents.

PMID: 35060426 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Introduction: Different spike mutations emerged and became dominant in the emerged variants of concern (VOC), such as the representative mutations D614G, N501Y, E484Q/K, L452R, P681R in the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants.

Discussion: P681R has been demonstrated increased fusion in the Delta variant and is associated with the higher pathogenicity of the Delta variant.

Discriminatory Weight of SNPs in Spike SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Technically Rapid, Unambiguous, and Bioinformatically Validated Laboratory Approach.

PMID: 35062327 2022 Viruses

Introduction: The most recent variants, referred to as the Kappa and the Delta variants, are characterized by six mutations (E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, and Q1071H), and eight mutations (T19R, del156/157, R158G, L452R, T478K, P618R, D614G, and D950N) on the spike gene, respectively.

Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Emerging Immune-Escape Variants of SARS-CoV-2.

PMID: 35223905 2022 Frontiers in medicine

Method: For instance, a Delta variant spike haplotype consisting of T19R, 256_258delinsG, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950N is also assigned to another haplotype group of T19R, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, and D950N, which is missing a 256_258delinsG variant.

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