Introduction: The Delta variant is characterized by the spike protein amino acid mutations T19R, D614G, and D950N along with a deletion of two amino acids in the N-terminal domain at positions 157-158, antigenic mutations in the receptor binding domain (L452R and T478K), and a P681R mutation at the S1-S2 furin cleavage site.
Real-Time RT-PCR Allelic Discrimination Assay for Detection of N501Y Mutation in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with B.1.1.7 Variant of Concern.
Method: To prepare the constructs of prefusion-stabilized S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 G614 and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, D614G amino acid substitution of G614 variant and the mutations of Delta variant (T19R, E156DEL, F157DEL, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R and D950N) were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, using our previous prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 S-trimer expression plasmid.
Analysis of SARS-COV2 spike protein variants among Iraqi isolates.
Introduction: Other mutations on S variants such as L452R, N501Y, and P681R also attracted research attention due to enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction and partial escape from vaccine-elicited antibodies.
High diversity in Delta variant across countries revealed by genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the Spike protein.
Result: Within the Spike protein, there are four such mutations (T19R, L452R, T478K, and P681R) as well (mean prevalenceDelta = 99.86%, mean prevalenceotherVariantsofConcern = 0.04%).
Table: P681R
Figure: Residues corresponding to Spike protein mutations T19R, T478K, and P681R are missing from the structure of the Spike protein and hence not shown here.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants Associated with Vaccine Breakthrough in the Delaware Valley through Summer 2021.
Result: Several additional substitutions in spike were potentially enriched (D614G, P681R, D950N), but the 95% credible interval included one, so the evidence for enrichment was weaker (Table S7).
Amplification Artifact in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sequences Carrying P681R Mutation, New York, USA.
Introduction: A total of 59 samples showed P681H on this repeated testing; only 2 still showed P681R, 1 at 0.52 frequency (down from 0.98) and 1 at 0.94, exactly as the previous sequence, suggesting a true P681R call, possibly co-infection with Delta, because the Ct for this sample was low (Ct = 17).
Introduction: Amplification artifact in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sequences carrying P681R mutation, New York, USA.
Introduction: Closer examination indicated that the Omicron sequences with P681R contained varying numbers of P681H reads (median frequency of P681R call, a G at nucleotide position 23604, was 0.79 [range 0.43-0.98]).
Introduction: Of the 379 samples, amplified using 24 cycles regardless of cycle threshold (Ct), we detected 86
Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein sequences reveals the emergence and geographic distribution of diverse mutations.
PMID: 34801754
2022
Infection, genetics and evolution
Result: S17) reveals 14 mutations out of 64 total that appear to be consistently present (P681H, Q677H, Q675H, Q677P, S673T, N679K, P681R, Q675R, P681L, T676I, T678I, A684V, Q677R, and A672V).
Impact of new variants on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and neutralization: A molecular assessment of the alterations in the spike-host protein interactions.
Abstract: The substitutions T478K and L452R in the Delta variant enhance associations with ACE2, whereas P681R promotes recognition by proteases, thus facilitating viral entry.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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