literature

SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.

Occurrence of a novel cleavage site for cathepsin G adjacent to the polybasic sequence within the proteolytically sensitive activation loop of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: The amino acid substitution N679K and P681H of the spike protein.

PMID: 35436320 2022 PloS one

Result: In a first set of investigations, a prediction approach of cleavage sites for the SARS-CoV-1 660YHTVSLLRSTSQKS673, SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan) 678TNSPRRARSVASQS691, SARS-CoV-2 P681H (Alpha) 678TNSHRRARSVASQS691, and SARS-CoV-2 P681R (Delta) 678TNSRRRARSVASQS691, SARS-CoV-2 N679K (C.1.2) 674YQTQTKSPRRARSVASQS691, and SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) 674YQTQTKSHRRARSVASQS691.

Result: In order to verify these results experimentally, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan), SARS-CoV-2 P681H (Alpha), and SARS-CoV-2 P681R (Delta), SARS-CoV-2 N679K (C.1.2), and SARS-CoV-2 N679K P681R (Omicron) peptides were synthesized and incubated with the indicat

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Obtained from Human Clinical Specimens.

PMID: 35336868 2022 Viruses

Introduction: Omicron has posed a serious public health concern due to the mutations/deletions associated with increased binding affinity to ACE2 (S:Q498R and S:N501Y), increased transmissibility (S:H655Y, S:N679K, and S:P681H), increased viral load (N:R203K and N:G204R), innate immune evasion (ORF1a:L3674-, ORF1a:S3675-, and ORF1a:G3676), and S-gene target failure (S:H69-).

Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants among Children from November 2020 to January 2022 in Trieste (Italy).

PMID: 35336187 2022 Microorganisms

Result: Finally, 1/32 sequence was the Omicron strain, with the following mutations in the RBD domain: T22882G (N440K), G22898A (G446S), G22992A (S477N), C22995A (T478K), A23013C (E484A), A23040G (Q493R), G23048A (G496S), A23055G (Q498R), A23063T (N501Y), T23075C (

PMID: 35333910 2022 PloS one

Result: In contrast, five mutations (P681H [cleavage efficiency: 52.3% +/- 1.7%], P681L [49.9% +/- 3.4%], A684S [53.4% +/- 1.4%], S686G [40.1% +/- 1.8%] and V687L [50.0% +/- 4.4%]) were found to cause a significant decrease (~1.34- to 1.80-fold) in S protein cleavage compared to the WT SARS-CoV-2 S (71.4% +/- 3.7%) (Fig 1C and 1D).

Result: Mutants Q675R, Q677H, P681H, P681L, A684S, A684T, A684V and V687L facilitated entry into all cell lines tested with comparable or

Neutralisation Hierarchy of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Using Standardised, Quantitative Neutralisation Assays Reveals a Correlation With Disease Severity; Towards Deciphering Protective Antibody Thresholds.

PMID: 35330908 2022 Frontiers in immunology

Table: P681H

Coronavirus Genomes and Unique Mutations in Structural and Non-Structural Proteins in Pakistani SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variants during the Fourth Wave of the Pandemic.

PMID: 35328105 2022 Genes

Introduction: The P681H and D614G mutations have been thought to be responsible for the B.1.1.7 increased transmissibility.

Introduction: The P681H and P681R improve S protein fusion to the host cell.

Introduction: The P681H mutations have been found in the B.1.1.7, B.1.1.318, and P.3, whereas mutation P681R has been found in the A.23.1 lineages and all B.1.617 variants.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development.

PMID: 35317190 2022 MedComm

Introduction: Another example is the P681H mutation located in the furin protease cleavage site.

Introduction: Specifically, BA.1 and BA.2 display 20 identical spike mutations, which are G339D, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K,

Interaction Analysis of the Spike Protein of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 with hACE2 and Eight Monoclonal Antibodies Using the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method.

PMID: 35312321 2022 Journal of chemical information and modeling

Introduction: The S protein mutations in the alpha variant are DeltaH69/DeltaV70, Delta144/144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, and D1118H.

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617: host tropism, proteolytic activation, cell-cell fusion, and neutralization sensitivity.

PMID: 35293847 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Introduction: A similar mutation, P681H, has been identified in B.1.1.7, which were reported to promote cleavage of the S protein precursor and affect O-glycosylation of the spike protein, but may not substantially impact viral entry or cell-cell spread.

Design of SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific PCR Assays Considering Regional and Temporal Characteristics.

PMID: 35285246 2022 Applied and environmental microbiology

Result: As a result, for the Alpha variant, we identified nine mutations in the spike gene: S:Delta69/70, S:Delta144, S:N510Y, S:A570D, S:D614G, S:P681H, S:T716I, S:S982A, and S:D1118H.

Result: To further confirm whether the RT-qPCR results were correct, we conducted NGS analysis to examine eight mutation markers for the Alpha variant (S:Delta69/70,

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