literature

SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.

Haplotype distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in low and high vaccination rate countries during ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021.

PMID: 34848355 2022 Infection, genetics and evolution

Abstract: In addition, the profiling of sub-haplotypes indicated that sub-haplotype 2A_1 with the mutations at N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, and D118H in Spike was over 58% in May 2021 in the high partly vaccinated rate group (US, Canada, and Germany).

Discussion: Our complete genome sequence dataset of SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2021, sub-haplotype 2A_1 variant had two deleted-amino acids (H69del, V143del) and six amino acid changes in spike protein (N501Y, A570D, P681H,

A second functional furin site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

PMID: 34856891 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Discussion: Both Alpha and Delta variants have mutations near the classical furin cleavage site (P681H/R).

Discussion: Previous studies suggested that the P681H mutation enhanced the cleavage of S protein by furin, while P681R promoted cell-cell fusion.

The significant immune escape of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron.

PMID: 34890524 2022 Emerging microbes & infections

Result: There are 32 mutations on the Spike of Omicron, including the following sites: A67V, H69del-V70del, T95I, G142D-V143del-Y144del-Y145del, N211del-L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H,

PMID: 34896524 2022 Gene

Table: P681H

Discussion: Also, there were two other sequences sampled from Shiraz in January 2021, which had five specific mutations as indicator of the Alpha variant (D614G, H69del, N501Y, V70del, Y144del) and were clustered along with the Alpha variants in phylogenetic tree; however, these sequences did not contain the other specific mutations of Alpha variant including A570D, D1118H, L699I, P681H, S982A and T716I.

Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.28.2 (P2) variant and pathogenicity comparison with D614G variant in hamster model.

PMID: 34959053 2022 Journal of infection and public health

Introduction: This variant has about 17 mutations, including N501Y, P681H, 69-70 deletion; the ORF8 Q27stop mutation outside the spike protein and is adapted to be more transmissible.

An Update on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Diversity in the US National Capital Region: Evolution of Novel and Variants of Concern.

PMID: 34272947 2022 Clinical infectious diseases

Abstract: A significant increase in the B.1.1.7 lineage (alpha variant) in March 2021 as well as a transient circulation of regional variants that carried both the concerning S: E484K and S: P681H substitutions were noted.

Introduction: Along with multiple mutations in the spike protein, there are 3 specific changes of particular concern: the S: N501Y, shown to enhance the binding affinity to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the S: 69-70del that could potentially cause immune escape, and the S: P681H that is close to the furin cleavage site.

Result: The most common lineage to carry S:

PMID: 34955621 2022 Journal of King Saud University. Science

Introduction: Substitution mutations like D614G, N501Y, Y453F, N439K/R, P681H, K417N/T, and E484K, as well as deletion mutations like DeltaH69/V70 and Delta242-244 are the most common in the spike protein.

Enhanced fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Alpha but not Beta.

PMID: 34937050 2022 Nature

Discussion: We have shown that the molecular mechanism underlying the fitness advantage of Alpha in vivo is largely dependent on a few changes in S, including three amino acid deletions (H69, V70 and Y144) and six substitutions (N501Y, A570D, P681H, T716I, S982A and D1118H).

Molecular definition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor-binding domain mutations: Receptor affinity versus neutralization of receptor interaction.

PMID: 34240429 2022 Allergy

Table: P681H

Spike protein cleavage-activation mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 P681R mutation: a case-study from its first appearance in variant of interest (VOI) A.23.1 identified in Uganda.

PMID: 34230931 2022 bioRxiv

8Discussion: This VOC is characterized by a P681H mutation in the spike S1/S2 ""furin cleavage site"" and has been linked to increased transmissibility due to the presence of the additional basic amino acid, histidine (H)."

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