Method: The S gene mutation plasmids (plasmid 1, containing the HV69-70del, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, and P681H mutations, and plasmid 2, containing the L452R, E484Q, and P681R mutations) of SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta, Iota, Epsilon, Gamma, and Delta) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China).
Method: The S-F1/R1 amplification product contained one mutation type (HV69-70del), the S-F2/R2 amplification product contained five mutation types (K417N, E484K, E484Q, N501Y, and L452R), and
CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Detection for the Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.
Method: The SARS-CoV-2 target sequences include (i) the wild-type (WT) gene fragment of S protein (S; nucleotides [nt] 21,563 to 25,384; GenBank accession number MN908947); (ii) the mutant gene fragments of S protein, including mutations L5F, D80A, D215G, R246I, K417N, L452R/Q, Y453F, T478K, E484Q/K, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, A701V, T716I,
Host Response to SARS-CoV2 and Emerging Variants in Pre-Existing Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases.
PMID: 34760721
2021
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Introduction: This variant of B.1.1.7 lineage harbors receptor-binding domain (RBD) N501Y mutation and other mutations including 69/70 deletion, spike P681H, and ORF8 stop codon (Q27stop) mutation.The beta variant (20H/501Y.V2) of B.1.351 lineage harbors spike N501Y, E484K, and K417N/T mutations without 69/70 deletion and is predicted to have emerged in South Africa during October 2020 with potential of global spread.
Epidemiology of COVID-19: An updated review.
PMID: 34759999
2021
Journal of research in medical sciences
Table: P681H
Neurological pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis.
Abstract: We present new insight into key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (P681H) and B.1.617.2 (P681R), which may impact on neuropilin 1 (NRP1) binding and CNS invasion.
Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England.
Introduction: In contrast to other VOCs, Delta/Kappa do not contain N501Y or E484K mutations, but their L452R mutation may reduce antibody recognition and P681R enhances furin cleavage, similar to the P681H mutation of Alpha.
Introduction: The growth advantage is thought to stem, at least in part, from spike mutations that facilitate ACE2 receptor binding (N501Y) and furin cleavage (P681H).
SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential: Broad neutralizing activity and No evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement.
Figure: (a) Binding responses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein mAbs, S1D2-hIgG1, STI-1499-LALA and 1741-LALA to the S1 fragment of the S protein from SARS-CoV-2 variants, including 2019-nCoV, B.1.1.7 (HV69-70 deletion, Y144 deletion, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H)-, B.1.351 (K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G)-, and B.1.617.2 (T19R, G142D, E156G, 157-158 deletion, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R)- lineage.
The evaluation of potential global impact of the N501Y mutation in SARS-COV-2 positive patients.
Introduction: P681H is adjacent to the furin cleavage site, a location known to be of biological importance.
Introduction: Three mutations in the S protein of the novel variant (N501Y, HV69-70del, and P681H) have potential biological implications.
Result: List of variations displayed in structure (nearest residue if in loop/termini region): H69del V70del(69) Y144del(143) N501Y A570D D614G P681H(674) T716I&n
Discussion: Three mutations in the S protein of the novel variant (N501Y, HV69-70del, and P681H) have potential biological implications.
Rapid Automated Screening for SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Lineage Variants (Delta/Kappa) through a Versatile Toolset of qPCR-Based SNP Detection.
Abstract: METHODS: We created a broad set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-assays including del-Y144/145, E484K, E484Q, P681H
Introduction: Spike gene mutations such as N501Y, E484K/Q, L452R, and P681H/R have occurred independently in multiple VOCs and VOIs (variants of interest), enabling dynamic adaptation of existing assay designs to detect emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Discussion: For example, the recently emerged B.1.617 (first detected in India) lineages feature E484Q (only B.1.617.1/3) and P681R SNPs instead of the more common E484K and P681H.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
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