Introduction: Beta has nine mutations in S, including N501Y, and two in the S receptor-binding domain (RBD), K417N and E484K.
Introduction: In contrast to hACE2-K18Tg mice, hACE2-KI mice show physiological expression of human ACE2, with no ectopic expression of human ACE2 in the brain, and no expression of mouse ACE2, which has been shown to be permissive to the spike mutation N501Y contained in SAlpha.
Introduction: Some of the S mutations, such as N501Y and the H69/V70 deletion, have been hypothesized to enhance replication and transmission, but there is a lack of clear experimental evidence for this.
Discussion: We have show
Genomic characterization of the dominating Beta, V2 variant carrying vaccinated (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and nonvaccinated COVID-19 patient samples in Bangladesh: A metagenomics and whole-genome approach.
Abstract: Noteworthily, the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of S protein of all the isolates harbored similar substitutions including K417N, E484K, and N501Y that signify the Beta, while D614G, D215G, D80A, A67V, L18F, and A701V substitutions were commonly found in the non-RBD region of Spike proteins.
Structural and functional insights into the major mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its interaction with human ACE2 receptor.
PMID: 34955621
2022
Journal of King Saud University. Science
Method: The interaction of ACE2 with the three mutant models of Spike (L452R, T478K and N501Y) were studied using High Ambiguity Driven protein-protein DOCKing (HADDOCK) version 2.4 program which uses an information-driven flexible pr
Figure: Schematic diagram of spike protein domains- N-terminal domain (NTD), receptor-binding domain (RBD), fusion peptide (FP), heptapeptide repeat sequence 1 (HR1), heptapeptide repeat sequence 2 (HR2), transmembrane region (TM) and cytoplasm domain (CT), and structural positions of mutations (T478K, L452R and N501Y on spike RBD region.
Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.28.2 (P2) variant and pathogenicity comparison with D614G variant in hamster model.
PMID: 34959053
2022
Journal of infection and public health
Introduction: During January 2021, lineage P.1, also known as Gamma variant, a VOC with 17 amino acid changes which includes N501Y, E484K, and K417N on the spike protein; ORF1b deletion outside the spike protein was detected in the travelers from Brazil at Japan.
Introduction: Furthermore, Brazil reported another variant P.2 lineage, which has E484K mutation but not the N501Y and K417N amino acid changes in the spike protein.
Introduction: Subsequently, another variant B.1.351 (Beta variant) was identified in South Africa with 21 mutations, including N501Y, E484K, and K417
Computational investigation reveals that the mutant strains of SARS-CoV2 have differential structural and binding properties.
PMID: 34968787
2022
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
Introduction: Another strain in which Asparagine positioned at 501 of RBD is substituted by Tyrosine (N501Y) arose in United Kingdom and South Africa.
Introduction: Of these five, three mutations such as G476S, V483A and N501Y occur at the binding interface of RBD (C-terminal side) that interact with PD (peptidase domain) of the host ACE2 receptor.
Introduction: These mutations (V36
Introduction: These mutations (V367F, R408I, G476S, V483A and N501Y) indirectly assist in the stable binding of RBD to the host ACE2 receptor.
Comparative mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Pakistan and structural-functional implications using computational modelling and simulation approaches.
PMID: 34968862
2022
Computers in biology and medicine
Result: Recently reported mutations in the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from South Africa (Lys417Asn, Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr) (501Y.V2Variant) and Brazil (Lys417Asn, Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr) had led these strains to evade the vaccines successfully.
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance in Germany: Long-term RT-digital droplet PCR monitoring, suitability of primer/probe combinations and biomarker stability.
Result: After the first detections of variants containing the N501Y mutation, the increase followed a trend that is comparable with the increase of N501Y-containing variants in patients in Baden-Wuerttemberg.
Result: In December 2020, the state of Baden-Wurttemberg reported the detection of the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) for the first time, corresponding to the first detection of N501Y in wastewater influent from Karlsruhe.
Result: Overall, RT-ddPCR and NGS are complementary methods that provide important information on the distribution of N501Y and other relevant mutations at the community level through the analysis of RNA extracts from wastewater samples.
Result: The earliest detection of N501Y was made in the wastewater sample of December 28, 2020.
Result: The proportion of
Computational modelling of potentially emerging SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBDs mutations with higher binding affinity towards ACE2: A structural modelling study.
PMID: 34979405
2022
Computers in biology and medicine
Introduction: These variants, such as B.1.17 (Alpha variant) harbouring a mutation N501Y reported in the UK, D614G
Result: Among the reported mutations, N501Y, E484K, K417 N, E484Q and L452R elevate the pathogenicity scale.
Result: In the recently reported mutations, including B.1.1.7 (N501Y), B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617 and B.1.618, increased in the stability increased was strongly correlated with a stable evolution of the new variants and tighter binding.
Result: Previously for the N501Y substitution reported in B.1.1.7 variant the total binding energy was also reported to have increased than the wild type.
Table: N501Y
Engineered small extracellular vesicles displaying ACE2 variants on the surface protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
PMID: 34982509
2022
Journal of extracellular vesicles
Abstract: Furthermore, engineered sEVs inhibit the entry of wild-type (WT), the globally dominant D614G variant, Beta (K417N-E484K-N501Y) variant, and Delta (L452R-T478K-D614G) variant SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, and protect against authentic SARS-CoV-2 and Delta varia
Introduction: Further, pseudoviruses of the B1.351 lineage, also known as Beta variant, containing S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) mutations, including N501Y, E484K, and K417N, exhibited increased resistance to neutralization by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma (Wibmer et al.,).
Developing an Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.
Introduction: Another study revealed that, due to mutations K417N, E484K, and N501Y in the spike protein of B.1.351, convalescent and some vaccine sera might only offer limited protection against B.1.351.
Introduction: Variants belonging to lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 were found to have an N501Y amino acid substitution.
Result: It is worth noting that the hot spot amino acid substitutions currently of interest, such as N501Y, E484K, and P681R, were not unique or specific mutations able to differentiate the VOCs.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Nature
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