Discussion: One highly altered region of the Omicron BA.1.1 RBD occurs along the side face including changes G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F and N440K, which occurs at approximately a 90 degree orientation to the receptor binding face.
T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike epitopes with mutations after the third booster dose of an inactivated vaccine.
Abstract: Interestingly, compared with the ancestral peptides, only the peptides with the G339D or N440K mutation were detected to significantly destabilize the T-cell response.
Binding Interactions between Receptor-Binding Domain of Spike Protein and Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 in Omicron Variant.
PMID: 35481766
2022
The journal of physical chemistry letters
Abstract: Some of the OV RBD mutations are predicted to affect the antibody neutralization either through their role in the S-protein conformational changes, such as S371L, S373P, and S375F, or through changing its surface charge distribution, such as G339D, N440K, T478K, and E484A.
Memory B cell repertoire from triple vaccinees against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Introduction: Furthermore, mutations of N440K and Q498R, together with altered local conformation, also decrease hydrogen bonding formed by N439, K440, Y449, R498, T500 and Q506 from the Omicron RBD and D95, L98 from the light chain complementarity-determining regions (LCDRs) as well as Y59 and N62 from the HCDRs that would exist in the XGv289-WT S complex (Extended Data.
Introduction: Overall XGv289, XGv282 and XGv265 bind patches surrounding the right shoulder of RBD with various orientations, but in a manner similar to those observed for LY-CoV1404, BD-812 and REGN10987:antibodies that are known to generally neutralize most VOCs with high potency:but showing decreased, to varying degrees, binding and neutralizing activities against Omicron owing to the presence of new N440K and <
Monoclonal antibodies targeting two immunodominant epitopes on the Spike protein neutralize emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Method: It is the ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed in HEK293 cells, which contains amino acids Val16 - Pro1213 of Spike (GenBank: QHD43416.1) with T4 fibritin trimerization motif, a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus, proline substitutions (F817P, A892P, A899P, A942P, K986P, V987P) and alanine substitutions (R683A and R685A) to stabilize the trimeric pre-fusion conformation, and mutations identified in the Omicron variant (A67V, HV69-70del, T95I, G142D, VYY143-145del, N211del,
Genomic characterization unravelling the causative role of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of lineage B.1.617.2 in 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh, India.
Result: In the rest six cases of different B.1 sublineages, the mutation of D614G was found in all cases, while N440K was found in three cases.
Result: These sequences were relatively found with fewer variations as D614G was dominantly found in all sequences, and only four sequences showed additional changes of N440K while one sequence exhibited two more changes of P681R and D950 N (Table 1).
Table: N440K
Discussion: N440K mutation, since first detected from the state of Andhra Pradesh, has been reported in around six percent of t
Discussion: Only B.1.36.29 and B.1.36.17 also showed N440K mutation, which was reported earlier as prone to immune escape.
Drastic decline in sera neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents.
Result: The Delta variant carries only L452R and T478K mutations in its RBD region, while the Omicron carries as much as fifteen RBD mutations of G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H.
The significant immune escape of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron.
Result: There are 32 mutations on the Spike of Omicron, including the following sites: A67V, H69del-V70del, T95I, G142D-V143del-Y144del-Y145del, N211del-L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, PMID: 34453338
2022
Allergy
Figure: Comparison of total anti-RBD IgG and RBD-ACE2-blocking antibodies between wild-type RBD and mutants E484K, L452R/E484Q, and N440K.
Figure: Positions of mutations N440K, L452R, and E484Q.
Discussion: Mutation N440K
Discussion: Our data show that the affinity of RBD for ACE2 is fivefold increased by the point mutations L452R and E484Q (Figure 2C and Table 1), whereas mutation N440K has the effect of doubling this value, when compared to RBDWT.
Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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