literature

Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants among Children from November 2020 to January 2022 in Trieste (Italy).

PMID: 35336187 2022 Microorganisms

Result: Finally, 1/32 sequence was the Omicron strain, with the following mutations in the RBD domain: T22882G (N440K), G22898A (G446S), G22992A (S477N), C22995A (T478K), A23013C (E484A), A23040G (Q493R), G23048A (G496S), A23055G (Q498R), A23063T (N501Y), T23075C (

PMID: 35216664 2022 Cell reports

Discussion: Previous in vitro studies already showed the association of some of these mutations with increased infectivity, ACE2 interaction (N501Y, P681H), or immune evasion (K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, E484A/K, Q493R).

Allosteric Determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding with Nanobodies: Examining Mechanisms of Mutational Escape and Sensitivity of the Omicron Variant.

PMID: 35216287 2022 International journal of molecular sciences

Result: We also examined the effect of Omicron mutations in the RBD (G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H) on binding of Nb6, VHH E, and VHH E/VHH V nanobodies (Figure 7).

Characterization of a Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

PMID: 35215823 2022 Viruses

Discussion: Early research on the Omicron variant has shown multiple mutations in the RBM such as N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, Q493K, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, including a mutation residing at amino acid residue E484A, which is associated with reduced binding, as observed with the tested Beta, Kappa, and Gamma variants harboring the exact mutation.

Genomic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Algeria and North African Countries: What We Know So Far and What We Expect?

PMID: 35208920 2022 Microorganisms

Result: In addition, fifteen other substitutions affect the spike protein including Q954H, N764K, H655Y, K417N, G339D, N211K, Q493R, S371L, S373P, S375F, S477N, T478K, E484A, N440K and G446S were detected as the most frequent mutation events in more than 84% of total genomes.

Emerging Vaccine-Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

PMID: 35133792 2022 ACS infectious diseases

Result: Second, among the top 25 most observed RBD mutations, T478K, L452Q, N440K, L452R, N501Y, N501T, F490S, A475V, and P384L are the 8 most infectious ones judged by their ability to strengthen the binding with ACE2, as shown in Figure 1c.

Table: N440K

mRNA-1273 Vaccine-elicited Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Adolescents and Children.

PMID: 35118475 2022 medRxiv

Method: The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant contained spike mutations A67V, Delta69-70, T95I, G142D, Delta143-145, Delta211, L212I, +214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K,

Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization and Protection Induced by a Nanoparticle Vaccine.

PMID: 35118474 2022 bioRxiv

Method: D614G spike mutation: D614G; Alpha (B.1.1.7) spike mutations: Delta69-70, Delta144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H; Beta (B.1.351) spike mutations: L18F, D80A, D215G, Delta242-244, R246I, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V; Delta (B.1.61

Binding of Human ACE2 and RBD of Omicron Enhanced by Unique Interaction Patterns Among SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.

PMID: 35118473 2022 bioRxiv

Method: In each variant, the Alpha includes N501Y mutation, Delta has L452R and T478K mutations, and Omicron contains 15 mutated amino acids, i.e., G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q483K/R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, and Y505H (see also Figures 1B and 2D).

Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients.

PMID: 35113647 2022 Science immunology

Method: The omicron variant contained the following spike mutations: A67VS, del69-70, T95I, G142-, del143-144, Y145D, del211, L212I, ins215EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G,