Method: 1.617.2, which possesses the L452R and E484Q mutations) (Delta) strains.
Discussion: Moreover, it has been reported that the Delta variant, which harbors the L452R mutation, causes a lower cellular immunity response among Asians who have human leukocyte antigen HLA-A24.
Emergence in southern France of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant harbouring both N501Y and E484K substitutions in the spike protein.
Introduction: Subsequent detection of three mutations in the spike gene in a qPCR assay to screen for variants, as performed routinely in France in cases of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, revealed an atypical combination with L452R negativity, E484K positivity, and E484Q negativity (Pentaplex assay, ID solutions, Grabels, France), which did not correspond to the pattern of the Delta variant, which was associated with almost all SARS-CoV-2 infections at that time (Table 1).
Introduction: Thus, the IHU variant could be distinguished in qPCR screening assays from the Delta variant (L452R positive) and the Omicron variant (L452R negative and negative for S gene detection by the TaqPath
Real-Time RT-PCR Allelic Discrimination Assay for Detection of N501Y Mutation in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with B.1.1.7 Variant of Concern.
Introduction: This lineage is characterized by several S gene SNPs, including L452R, T478K, E484Q, D614G, and P681R.
Discussion: In another assay, the RT-PCR multiplex targets include L452R, a SNP in the S gene that is characteristic of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant.
Discussion: Other SNP assays have been developed for important S gene SNPs that characterize VOCs, including E484K (P.1, B.1.351), K417N/T (P.1, B.1.351), and L452R (B.1.617.2).
Structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant recognition of ACE2 receptor and broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Introduction: The Delta variant harbors multiple mutations in S protein, including two substitutions (L452R and T478K) in the RBD, the D614G substitution, a cluster of mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD), and two more substitutions near the furin cleavage site and in the heptad repeat 1 (HR1).
Method: Specifically, recombinant plasmids coding Beta-RBD (the K417N, E484K, and N501Y mutations) or Delta-RBD (the L452R and T478K mutations) were made based on the plasmid pcDNA3.4-SARS-2-RBD by using
Neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination wane over time and are boosted by breakthrough infection.
PMID: 35166573
2022
Science translational medicine
Introduction: The recently emerged Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is characterized by additional NTD alterations together with crucial RBD mutations (L452R and T478K).
Mass Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Variants using Sanger Sequencing Strategy in Hiroshima, Japan.
Method: If we found the mutation from Guanine (G) to Adenine (A) or Cystine (C)at nt23012, further identification was done as follows: double mutation of T22917G (referred to L452R) and C22995A (referred to T478K) for B.1.617.2 (Delta), T22917G (referred to L452R) and G23012C (referred to E484Q) for B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and T22917A (referred to L452Q) and T23031C (referred to F490S) for C.37 (Lambda).
Method: The last checkpoint was set at nucleotide position nt22917 and if we found single mutation from Thymine (T) to Guanine (G) at nt22917 (referred to
SARS-CoV-2 Variants Increase Kinetic Stability of Open Spike Conformations as an Evolutionary Strategy.
Introduction: Other mutations on S variants such as L452R, N501Y, and P681R also attracted research attention due to enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction and partial escape from vaccine-elicited antibodies.
Conformational Flexibility and Local Frustration in the Functional States of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants: Mutation-Induced Allosteric Modulation Mechanism of Functional Dynamics and Protein Stability.
PMID: 35163572
2022
International journal of molecular sciences
Introduction: This study showed that N501Y, E484K, and L452R mutations can modulate, either directly or allosterically, the increased ACE2 binding affinity, while E484K, L452R, and K417N/T mutations tend to primarily compromise productive antibody binding and induce immune escape.
Shorter Incubation Period among Unvaccinated Delta Variant Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Japan.
PMID: 35162151
2022
International journal of environmental research and public health
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 VOCs bearing the L452R spike protein mutation demonstrate increased transmissibility, infectivity, and avoidance of antibody neutralization.
Introduction: The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 virus strains with the L452R mutation was 89% in the week from 16 August to 22 August 2021.|m
Result: In 120 symptomatic patients with the L452R variant from 72 infectors, the mean incubation period was 3.7 days, and in 100 symptomatic patients with non-Delta strains, the mean incubation period was 4.9 days; the difference was significant (p-value = 0.000).
Discussion: Fourth, the Delta variant was mainly confirmed by the L452R mutation.
Discussion: However, genome sequencing showed coincidence between the Delta variant and L452R mutation in Japan.
High diversity in Delta variant across countries revealed by genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the Spike protein.
Result: Within the Spike protein, there are four such mutations (T19R, L452R, T478K, and P681R) as well (mean prevalenceDelta = 99.86%, mean prevalenceotherVariantsofConcern = 0.04%).
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Vaccine
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