Result: As mentioned earlier, L452R and T478K are signature mutations in the delta variant.
Result: Comparing the two timelines, the prevalence of L452R increased by roughly 56.07, 49.01 and 11.78% points in Asia, the UK and USA, respectively.
Result: During this period, N501Y, L452R and T478K mutations increased by 15.39, 23.06 and 26.75% points, respectively, while E484K, S477N, K417T and S494P mutations decreased by 1.35, 3.09, 0.37 and 0.88% points, respectively.
Result: Further, we observed a considerable prevalence of other adaptive mutations in the RBD, namely
Temporal-Geographical Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Variant Lineages and Their Functional Prediction Using in Silico Approach.
Introduction: Besides D614G, amino acid changes within S1-RBD, such as N439K, L452R, E484K/Q, and N501Y, also favor virus resistance to monoclonal antibody neutralization.
Result: Dual mutants containing D614G and other amino acid changes, including those under positive selection or observed in VOCs (L5F, L18F, S98F, W152L/C, E154K, L222V, and A262S in S1-NTD; N439K, L452Q/R, S477N
Prediction of the Effects of Variants and Differential Expression of Key Host Genes ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: An In Silico Approach.
PMID: 34720581
2021
Bioinformatics and biology insights
Result: We also analyzed the effect of 27 missense variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD) on the binding interaction of spike protein with ACE2 and observed that L452Q, T478K, L455F, F456L, S459F, A475V, N439K, L452R, T470N, E484D, E484A, E484K, E484Q, F486L, S494P, S494L, N501T, PMID: 34723159
2021
iScience
Abstract: Highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants identified in India and designated B.1.617, Kappa (B.1.617.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), B.1.618, and B.1.36.29 contain spike mutations L452R, T478K, E484K, E484Q, and N440K located within the spike receptor-binding domain and thus could contribute to increased transmissibility and potentially allow re-infection or cause resistance to vaccine-elicited antibody.
Abstract: Neutralization resistance to serum antibodies and monoclonal antibodies was mediated by L452R mutation.
Genomic surveillance reveals the detection of SARS-CoV-2 delta, beta, and gamma VOCs during the third wave in Pakistan.
Introduction: Additionally, structural analysis of mutations (L452R and E484Q) in RBD and furin cleavage site (P681R) revealed increased ACE2 binding and cleavage rate resulting in increased transmissibility.
Introduction: Its sub-lineage, B.1.617.1, is defined by the presence of a constellation of mutations, L452R, P681R, and E484Q in the spike region, whereas B.1.617.2 is characterized by following spike mutations: L452R, P681R, and T478K.
Introduction: The RBD mutations enhance infectivity due to the presence of PMID: 34732694
2021
Signal transduction and targeted therapy
Result: However, the binding affinity of n3113 decreased by 20-50% for A348S and over 90% for L452R.
Result: N3113.1-Fc bound to the spike variants of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma with a comparable affinity of 4.8 nM, 10.1 nM, and 8.4 nM, respectively, but lost the binding ability to Delta spike that contained L452R mutation.
Result: We investigated several RBD variants within publicly available SARS-CoV-2 sequences in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and all of the individual RBD mutants (N501Y, E484K, E484Q, K417N, K417T,
Result: Out of nine samples, five were B.1.617.2 (Delta) and concordant with sequencing showing mutation in D614G, L452R, P681R, and T478K, two samples were B.1.1.7 (Alpha) showing mutation in D614G, N501Y, delH69V70, Q27stop, and two were B.1.526 (Iota) showing mutation in L452R and D614G (Supplementary Material S5).
Result: The B.1.351 control showed mutation in E484K, D614G, A701V, K417N, N501Y, and L242_244L, B.1.1.7 showed mutations in D614G, delH69V70,
Molecular strategies for antibody binding and escape of SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations.
Abstract: We found that the combination of mutations K417N, E484K, L452R, and T478K produced higher binding energy to ACE2 than the wild type, suggesting higher efficiency to enter host cells.
Introduction: Additionally, mutations L452R and T478K, present in the delta variant (B.1.617.2), were also simulated in the RBD to compute the binding energy with the ACE2.
Discussion: On the other hand, for MT2, MT3, and RBD versions involving mutations K417N, L452R, E484K, T478K, and N501Y, the binding energy increased compared to th
Changing predominant SARS-CoV-2 lineages drives successive COVID-19 waves in Malaysia, February 2020 to March 2021.
Discussion: To date, B.1.524 does not contain other spike mutations associated with increased pathogenicity or immune escape, such as K417N, L452R, E484K, and N501Y.
Host Response to SARS-CoV2 and Emerging Variants in Pre-Existing Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases.
PMID: 34760721
2021
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Abstract: The mutations in the spike protein of VOC are implicated for increased receptor binding (N501Y, P681R) and immune escape (L452R, E484K/Q, T478K/R) to host response.
Introduction: Additionally, this variant has P681R and L452R mutations in the RBD region, with L452R also present in B.1.427/B.1.429 variants found in California, USA, which have been associated with increased transmissibility of virus.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
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