Method: If we found the mutation from Guanine (G) to Adenine (A) or Cystine (C)at nt23012, further identification was done as follows: double mutation of T22917G (referred to L452R) and C22995A (referred to T478K) for B.1.617.2 (Delta), T22917G (referred to L452R) and G23012C (referred to E484Q) for B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and T22917A (referred to L452Q) and T23031C (referred to F490S) for C.37 (Lambda).
Method: The last checkpoint was set at nucleotide position nt22917 and if we found single mutation from Thymine (T) to Guanine (G) at nt22917 (referred to
SARS-CoV-2 Variants Increase Kinetic Stability of Open Spike Conformations as an Evolutionary Strategy.
Introduction: Other mutations on S variants such as L452R, N501Y, and P681R also attracted research attention due to enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction and partial escape from vaccine-elicited antibodies.
Shorter Incubation Period among Unvaccinated Delta Variant Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Japan.
PMID: 35162151
2022
International journal of environmental research and public health
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 VOCs bearing the L452R spike protein mutation demonstrate increased transmissibility, infectivity, and avoidance of antibody neutralization.
Introduction: The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 virus strains with the L452R mutation was 89% in the week from 16 August to 22 August 2021.|m
Result: In 120 symptomatic patients with the L452R variant from 72 infectors, the mean incubation period was 3.7 days, and in 100 symptomatic patients with non-Delta strains, the mean incubation period was 4.9 days; the difference was significant (p-value = 0.000).
Discussion: Fourth, the Delta variant was mainly confirmed by the L452R mutation.
Discussion: However, genome sequencing showed coincidence between the Delta variant and L452R mutation in Japan.
Conformational Flexibility and Local Frustration in the Functional States of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants: Mutation-Induced Allosteric Modulation Mechanism of Functional Dynamics and Protein Stability.
PMID: 35163572
2022
International journal of molecular sciences
Introduction: This study showed that N501Y, E484K, and L452R mutations can modulate, either directly or allosterically, the increased ACE2 binding affinity, while E484K, L452R, and K417N/T mutations tend to primarily compromise productive antibody binding and induce immune escape.
Less Frequent Sequence Mismatches in Variants of Concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 in the Real-Time RT-PCR Assays Developed by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
PMID: 34193667
2022
Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The mismatch, that G to C substitution at nucleotide 8 in reverse primer of S2 set, elevated to about 16.3% in G/L452R.V3, however the substitution did not affect the analytical sensitivity of assay.
Abstract: The variant containing L to R substitution at position 452 in the S protein G/L452R.V3 (B1.617) was endemic to India.
High diversity in Delta variant across countries revealed by genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the Spike protein.
Result: Within the Spike protein, there are four such mutations (T19R, L452R, T478K, and P681R) as well (mean prevalenceDelta = 99.86%, mean prevalenceotherVariantsofConcern = 0.04%).
Table: L452R
Long-term, infection-acquired immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a hamster model.
Introduction: The Delta variant is characterized by the spike protein amino acid mutations T19R, D614G, and D950N along with a deletion of two amino acids in the N-terminal domain at positions 157-158, antigenic mutations in the receptor binding domain (L452R and T478K), and a P681R mutation at the S1-S2 furin cleavage site.
Structural and biochemical rationale for enhanced spike protein fitness in delta and kappa SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Introduction: In March 2021, genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 samples in Maharashtra, India revealed an increased prevalence of E484Q, L452R and P681R co-mutation in the Spike glycoprotein (S protein).
Introduction: The Kappa (B.1.617.1) lineage is a sub-lineage of the B.1.617 lineage, which is defined by L452R and P681R co-mutation.
Introduction: Within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein, both the Kappa and Delta variants share an identical substitutional mutation (L452R) with the previously emerged variants of interest B.1.427/429 (Epsilon).
Result: However, the enhanced electrostatic complementarity afforded
Result: First, the 10 most observed or fast-growing RBD mutations are N501Y, L452R, T478K, E484K, K417T, S477N, N439K, K417N, F490S, and S494P, as shown in Table 1.
Result: Four RBD mutations, N501Y, L452R, F490S, and L452Q, appear in both lists and are key mutations in WHO's VOC and VOI lists.
Result: From Figure 2, RBD 2 comutation set [L452R,
SARS-CoV-2 Variants Associated with Vaccine Breakthrough in the Delaware Valley through Summer 2021.
Result: Two other closely studied spike substitutions, E484K and L452R, were not notably enriched among vaccine breakthrough cases, and the D253G substitution was modestly depleted.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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