Discussion: Compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains, the delta variant possesses notable mutations L452R, T478K, and E484Q in the RBD of S protein and P681R in the S1/S2 site.
Discussion: Each of the L452R and E484Q mutations lowered susceptibility to mRNA vaccine-generated antibodies by disrupting the binding between the RBD and hACE2, albeit the combined mutations did not show synergism.
Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 strains with L452R and E484Q mutations were associated with heightened resistance to antibody neutralization.
RBD Double Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Increase Transmissibility through Enhanced Interaction between RBD and ACE2 Receptor.
3Introduction: For example, the ""delta"" strain, with the RBD mutation L452R/T478K, rapidly spread globally since it was identified in late 2020."
Introduction: However, the strains containing several RBD mutations, namely, L452R (epsilon), T478K, E484K, E484Q, and N501Y, were selected (Figure 1) and have caused multiple outbreaks, mostly due to the increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 caused by these RBD mutations, (, accessed 15 December 2021).
Introduction: In this study, we investigated the changes in binding pattern and structural conformation between the ACE2 receptor and three major RBD
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations in the United States (January 2020-March 2021) Using a Statistical Learning Strategy.
Abstract: Structural modeling supported a potential functi
Result: The L452R mutation is situated in the RBD; homology modelling of the RBD-ACE2 complex shows that while R452 does not directly contact ACE2, the guanidinium side chain of R452 is surface-exposed and thus could potentially impact nAb binding (Figure 3G).
Result: The L452R mutation was recently shown to reduce binding affinity to some RBD-targeting monoclonal antibodies, as well as to reduce susceptibility to nAbs.
Result: The VRV-haplotype S13I-W152C-L452R (ICR-3) appeared in Fall 2020 and is rapidly becoming dominant in states on the West Coast, as well as appearing in selected southwestern and southeastern states (Figure 3C-F).
Genome Sequencing Reveals a Mixed Picture of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Circulation in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract: Signature substitution at positions S:L452R, S:P681R, and S:D614G were commonly detected in the Delta, Delta AY.1, and Kappa variants whereas S:T19R and S:T478K were confined to Delta and Delta AY.1 variants only.
Introduction: In January 2021, WHO included B.1.617.2 (Delta variant) as a VOC with spike double mutation E484Q and L452R have led to the second wave in India.
Result: Signature substitutions at positions L452R and P681R were commonly detected
A Genomic Snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the Balearic Islands.
Result: Additionally, in summer 2021, three consensus genome sequences were assigned to lineage B.1 (EPI_ISL_3087129, EPI_ISL_2626134, and EPI_ISL_2626162) and showed some interesting additional spike mutations, including S:L452R and S:E484Q; these three genomes have been reassigned to recently described lineage B.1.630.
Molecular Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Isolates From Central Inner Sardinia.
Discussion: It is important to also notice how most of the lineages detected in the III wave were then classified as VOC (B.1.1.7 and B.1.351) or VUM (C.36 + L452R) by the ECDC.
The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity.
Result: Moreover, V483A became resistant to mAbs X593 and P2B-2F6, and L452R to mAbs X593 and P2B-2F6.
Table: L452R
Discussion: Indeed, both L452R and F490L were natural variants, with decreased sensitivity to neutralization by P2B-2F6 mAb; because both L452R and F490L remain sensitive to P2C-1F11, suggesting this mAb is not derived from the same clone for P2B-2F6.
Discussion: Moreover, some variants, including N439K, L452R, A475V, V483A, F490L, and Y508H, do have decreased sensitivity to neutralizing mAbs.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
International journal of molecular sciences
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