Pseudoephedrine and its derivatives antagonize wild and mutated severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 viruses through blocking virus invasion and antiinflammatory effect.
Abstract: These mutations were noticed to happen in the receptor-binding domain of spike protein (S-RBD), especially mutations N501Y, E484Q, E484K, K417N, K417T, and L452R.
Introduction: These lineages of viruses have many mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2, especially mutations N501Y, E484Q, E484K, L452R, K417N, and K417T (Ostrov, ; Verghese et al., ).
Impact of temperature on the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein for host ACE2.
PMID: 34478710
2021
The Journal of biological chemistry
Result: In 2021 sequences, most residues were still found to be >99% conserved except for variations found at residues 417 (K417N, 1.5%; K417T, 2.6%) and 501 (N501Y, 65.2%), with the latter becoming predominant among all the deposited sequences in 2021.
Result: These mutations are found in emergent variants of concern (VOCs), including the B.1.1.7 (N501Y), B.1.351 (K417N/N501Y), and P.1 lineages (K417T/N501Y).
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.575.2, Containing the E484K Mutation in the Spike Protein, in Pamplona, Spain, May to June 2021.
PMID: 34495709
2021
Journal of clinical microbiology
Method: At that time, we customized the TaqMan assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the N501Y, E484K, K417N, and K417T mutations.
Possible Link between Higher Transmissibility of Alpha, Kappa and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Increased Structural Stability of Its Spike Protein and hACE2 Affinity.
PMID: 34502041
2021
International journal of molecular sciences
Introduction: Similarly, the lineage P.1 (Gamma variant) detected in January 2021 in the Brazilian population had three mutations of concern in spike RBD, namely, N501Y, K417T and E484K.
Dynamics prediction of emerging notable spike protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 implies a need for updated vaccines.
Introduction: PANGO reports, which are available online, currently include five linages; B.1.1.7 or known as UK linage (N501Y, P681H and other mutations), B.1.351 or known as South Africa linage (501Y.v2), P.1 or known as Brazil linage (E484K, N501Y and K417T), A.23.1 linage (F157L, V367F, Q613H and P681R) and B.1.525 linage (E484K, Q677H, F888L).
Probing the Increased Virulence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 B.1.617 (Indian Variant) From Predicted Spike Protein Structure.
Introduction: Mutations in the Beta and Gamma variants, including E484K and K417N/T, are of high concern since they partly compromise neutralization generated by previous infection or vaccination or affect viral stability.
Method: The receptor binding domain of Spike is from amino acids 319-541: B1.351 and P1 had 3 mutations in the RBD (K417N/T, E484K and N501Y) while Alpha (B.1.1.7) only had one (N501Y).
Method: We used the following amino acids replacements and deletions in Spike for each lineage-based COG-UK defined changes for each lineage; Beta (B1.351; L18F, D80A, D215G, R246L, K417N, E484K, N501Y, A701V), Gamma (P.1;
Contribution of single mutations to selected SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants spike antigenicity.
Introduction: Similarly, the E484K and K417N/T mutations in the RBD that were first described in the B.1.351 and P.1 lineages likely due to immune evasion from vaccine or natural infection-elicited antibodies, are now present in several other lineages.
Result: Although both K417N and K417T presented a modest increase in the on-rate kinetic by ~1.56 and ~1.11 folds, the accelerated off-rate kinetics dictated the overall decrease affinity of these mutants.
Result: Interestingly, the RBD mutation K417
Figure: N, (D) K417T, (E) E484K, and (F)
Figure: N, (D) K417T, (E) E484K, and (F).
The emergence and ongoing convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y lineages.
Introduction: K417N and Introduction: Although both the K417N and K417T mutations can reduce the affinity of Spike for ACE2, in conjunction with the N501Y and E484K mutations, ACE2 binding is restored to that of wild-type Spike.
Result: In this regard, while mutations at S/20, S/80, S/138, S/215, and S/570 in different lineages do not predominantly converge on the same encoded amino acid states, they could nevertheless still be convergent on similar fitness objectives (immune escape or compensation for the fitness costs of other mutations): such as is likely the case with the also not strictly convergent V2 K417N and V3 K417T signature mutations.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Phytotherapy research
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