Introduction: Furthermore, Beta and Gamma exhibit mutations in the residue K417 of the RBD but differ in the amino acid substitutions (K417N for Beta and K417T for Gamma), which may affect antibody binding.
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Revealing Vaccine-Resistant Mutations in Europe and America.
PMID: 34873910
2021
The journal of physical chemistry letters
3Introduction: Moreover, we have pointed out that Y449S and Y449H are two vaccine-resistant mutations, and ""Y449S, S494P, K417N,
Introduction: Later, we provided a list of most likely vaccine escape RBD mutations with high frequency, including S494P, Q493L, K417N, F490S, F486L, R403K, E484K, L452R, K417T, F490L, E484Q, and A475S.
Analysis of the ARTIC Version 3 and Version 4 SARS-CoV-2 Primers and Their Impact on the Detection of the G142D Amino Acid Substitution in the Spike Protein.
Introduction: In particular, there were spike protein amino acid changes common to the Beta, Delta, and Gamma variants that occurred in known V3 primer binding sites, including G142D (Delta) in the 2_Right primer, the 241/243del (Beta) that occurs in the 74_Left primer, and the K417N (Beta) or K417T (Gamma) which occur in the 76_Left primer (https://community.artic.network/t/sars-cov-2-version-4-scheme-release/312).
Emergence of novel combinations of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain variants in Senegal.
Introduction: Subsequent reports have demonstrated that increased transmissibility and immune escape are linked to these lineages, which are defined by spike receptor binding domain (RBD) mutations, including N501Y, K417N/T, L452R, and E484K.
Additional Positive Electric Residues in the Crucial Spike Glycoprotein S Regions of the New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Abstract: Here, we developed five SARS-CoV-2 spike gene primer pairs (5-SSG primer assay; 69S, 144S, 417S, 484S, and 570S) and verified their ability to detect nine key spike mutations (DeltaH69/V70, T95I, G142D, DeltaY144, K417T/N, L452R, E484K/Q, N501Y, and H655Y) using a Sanger sequencing-based assay.
Structural analysis of receptor binding domain mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that modulate ACE2 and antibody binding.
Introduction: The one RBD mutation occurring outside of the RBM, K417N/T, additionally exhibits ambiguity in mutation, with the P.1 strain mutated to threonine (K417T) and the B.1.351 strain mutated to asparagine (K417N) (Figure 1B).
Discussion: Although there are many factors governing viral evolution, these results suggest that the independent evolution of L452R-bearing spikes and N501Y-, K417N/T-, and E484K-bearing spikes may be explained by a lack of synergistic increase in ACE2 binding upon combination of these mutations.
Discussion: Consistent with this hypothesis, analysis of deposited sp
Glycan Masking of Epitopes in the NTD and RBD of the Spike Protein Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Introduction: The Gamma P.1 variant encodes an S protein with 12 mutations (L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417N/T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I, and V1176F), two of which are in the RBD (E484K, and N501Y).
Discussion: For the Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Beta (B.1.351) variants, the del 69-70, del 144, and del 242-244 deletions in NTD and the K417N/T, E484K
The Development of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: The Gene Makes the Disease.
PMID: 34940505
2021
Journal of developmental biology
Abstract: Some concerning mutations associated with an impact on viral fitness have been described in the Spike protein, such as D614G, N501Y, E484K, K417N/T, L452R, and P681R, among others.
Introduction: Close to them within the RBD, K417N, and K417T mutations have been repeatedly described to protect against binding to certain monoclonal antibodies.
Introduction: In fact, it has been proposed that K417N could provide a slightly improved ACE2 binding compared to K417T.
Introduction: Nevertheless, both K417N and
Chimeric crRNA improves CRISPR-Cas12a specificity in the N501Y mutation detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Discussion: To further differentiate Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu, other mutation sites in the Spike protein like 69-70 deletion or 144 deletion, 242-244 deletion or K417N, R190S or K417T, T95I or R346K can be detected respectively.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Frontiers in immunology
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