Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Frankfurt am Main from October to December 2020 Reveals High Viral Diversity Including Spike Mutation N501Y in B.1.1.70 and B.1.1.7.
Introduction: A number of substitutions in S have been associated with immune escape (e.g., E484K, K417N), or increased binding to the ACE-2 receptor (e.g., N501Y).
Mutation Signatures and In Silico Docking of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.
Abstract: However, mutations at the residue K417N/T are shown to reduce the binding affinity.
Abstract: Notable nonsynonymous mutations in RBD of VOC include the E484K and K417N/T that can be seen in South African and Brazilian variants, and N501Y and D614G that can be seen in all VOC.
Result: Several mutations can be seen in the RBD of VOC, including K417N/T, E484K and N501Y, while two later mutations are located in contact residue responsible to directly bind to hACE2 (Figure 2).
Result: The SA-VOC has seven aa substitutions in the S-protein, including
Preliminary report on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike mutation T478K.
Introduction: 11 Virtually all variants of concern contain mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, such as variant B.1.351 (Spike mutations K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, and A701V) and variants B.1.427/B.1.429 (Spike mutations S13I, W152C, L452R, and D614G), and many of these reside on the receptor-binding domain (RBD), a region located between residues 350-550 of Spike and directly binding to the human ACE2.
A Sanger-based approach for scaling up screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern.
PMID: 33975021
2021
Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: Here we propose a rapid and accessible protocol based on Sanger sequencing of a single PCR fragment that is able to identify and discriminate all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) identified so far, according to each characteristic mutational profile at the Spike-RBD region (K417N/T, E484K, N501Y, A570D).
Table: K417N
Will Mutations in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Lead to the Failure of COVID-19 Vaccines?
PMID: 33975397
2021
Journal of Korean medical science
Abstract: Furthermore, mutations such as N501Y, E484K, and K417N in the S protein may affect viral fitness and transmissibility.
Conclusion: Unfortunately, the mutation frequency of the S protein is very high, and some mutations (such as E484K, N501Y, and K417N) affect the transmission and neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Method: On January 25, 2021, a preprint study in bioRxiv assessed the neutralizing capacity of sera from human subjects or non-human primates that received the mRNA-1273 vaccine and demonstrated that compared with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus, VSV pseudoviruses with S protein containing K417N-
SARS-CoV-2 gene content and COVID-19 mutation impact by comparing 44 Sarbecovirus genomes.
Abstract: Evolutionary histories of residues disrupted by spike-protein substitutions D614G, N501Y, E484K, and K417N/T provide clues about their biology, and we catalog likely-functional co-inherited mutations.
Result: N501Y arose, apparently independently, in the B.1.153 lineage, which rapidly rose in frequency in South Africa and also includes spike-protein substitutions E484K and K417N, which are thought to decrease binding of antibodies from monoclonal antibody cocktails or from immune response to vaccines or previous infection with the wild-type virus.
Result: We next examined the Sarbecovirus evolutionary context for each of the mutations co-inherited with an
Structural Modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike/Human ACE2 Complex Interface can Identify High-Affinity Variants Associated with Increased Transmissibility.
Result: In contrast to E484K and N501Y, K417T alone appears not favored for receptor recognition, and this is reflected in reduced affinities for K417T/N501Y and K417T/E484K combinations, which are not observed together in sequenced
Discussion: Our predictive modeling of interface mutations in the S-hACE2 complex complements experimental studies and supports the emerging view that combinatorial mutations in SARS-CoV-2 can simultaneously maintain high-affinity binding to hACE2 and evade antibodies (e.g., by N440K, L452R, E484K/Q/R, K417N/T) in human hosts.
Vaccine-escape and fast-growing mutations in the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Spain, India, and other COVID-19-devastated countries.
Result: , four ACE2 binding-strengthening mutations have a rapid growth since late December 2020: N501Y, K417N, E484K, and P479S.
Result: 13 , shows that, in addition to well-known mutations E484K, K417N, and N501Y, mutations N439K, L452R, S477N, S477R, and N501T are also ACE2 binding-strengthening mutations that have a high growth rate recently with high frequency.
Result: Among them, K417N and E484K are both VE mutations with relatively high BFE changes, suggesting that researchers should k
Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: the pandemics within the pandemic.
PMID: 34015535
2021
Clinical microbiology and infection
Table: K417N
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Esteio, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Discussion: Until mid-December 2020, 157 genomes have this mutation globally, 114 (72.6%) isolated from South Africa, where a new lineage (B.1.351 or 501Y.V2) characterized by three RBD mutations (K417N, E484K and N501Y) recently emerged.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
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