Introduction: The coincident emergence of N501Y, K417T/N and E484K mutations in Gamma (P.1) and Beta (B.1.351) is suggestive of convergent evolution.
Evaluation of the clinical and analytical performance of the Seegene allplex SARS-CoV-2 variants I assay for the detection of variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interests (VOI).
Introduction: Two subsequent variants of concern, B.1.351 (beta variant), first identified in South Africa, and P.1 (gamma variant), first identified in Brazil, were found to harbor the D614G and N501Y mutations, as well as 2 additional key mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD), K417N/T and E484K, which increase binding affinity to the ACE2 receptor.
Table: K417N
Cross-Neutralizing Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in COVID-19 Patients: Comparison of 4 Waves of the Pandemic in Japan.
PMID: 34631915
2021
Open forum infectious diseases
Introduction: Among the 9 mutations in the spike gene in this variant, there are 3 biologically important mutations: K417N, E484K, and N501Y.
Discussion: On the other hand, because P.1 and B.1.351 have similar mutations in their RBD (including E484K, K417T/N, and N501Y), it might be thought that the neutralization of both variants would be affected similarly.
Mutational profile confers increased stability of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Brazilian isolates.
PMID: 34633892
2021
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
Abstract: Mutations E484K, N501Y and K417N belong to several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, and showed high incidence among Brazilian isolates.
SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential: Broad neutralizing activity and No evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement.
Discussion: The clusters share some of the mutations linked with viral escape, including N501Y (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma), E484K (Beta and Gamma) and K417N/T (Beta and Gamma).
SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Host Interaction: Currently Available Structures and Implications of Variant Emergence on Infectivity and Immune Response.
PMID: 34639178
2021
International journal of molecular sciences
Discussion: Potentially fundamental for immune escape are mutations K417N, and particularly L452R, both affecting Ab binding, and occurring in the RBD.
Molecular rationale for SARS-CoV-2 spike circulating mutations able to escape bamlanivimab and etesevimab monoclonal antibodies.
Discussion: As a conclusive remark concerning the available anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, according to the report by Andreano and Rappuoli published on May 10, 2021 in Nature Medicine the efficacy of the FDA/EMA approved Ad26.COV2-S vaccine (now Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine) and the EMA approved Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 (now Vaxzevria) against the variant B.1.351 (South Africa now Beta, with E484K, K417N and N501Y as spike MOIs) decreased from 85 to 57% and from 62 to 10%, respectively.
Discussion: Concerning the alternative LY-CoV016 mAb, the official Lilly's fact sheet reports that SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants showing reduced susceptibility to etesevimab include substitutions K417N, D420N<
The evolution of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 evolution revealing vaccine-resistant mutations in Europe and America.
3Introduction: Moreover, we have pointed out that Y449S and Y449H are two vaccine-resistant mutations, and ""Y449S, S494P, K417N,
Introduction: Later on, we have provided a list of most likely vaccine escape RBD mutations with high frequency, including S494P, Q493L, K417N, F490S, F486L, R403K, E484K, L452R, K417T, F490L, E484Q, and A475S.
Ten emerging SARS-CoV-2 spike variants exhibit variable infectivity, animal tropism, and antibody neutralization.
Abstract: RBD amino acid mutations comprising K417T/N, L452R, Y453F, S477N, E484K, and N501Y cause significant immune escape from 11 of 13 monoclonal antibodies.
Abstract: The K417N/T, N501Y, or E484K-carrying variants exhibit significantly increased abilities to infect mouse ACE2-overexpressing cells.
Result: Additionally, the K417N/T mutation caused reduced neutralization activity involving five mAbs (1F9, 2H10, 10D12, CB6, and A247), whereas it increased the neutralization sensitivity of one mAb (A261-262) for more than ten times.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Nature communications
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