Result: K417N by itself significantly reduces binding (Figure 3b).
Result: As in the direct ELISA, reduced CB6 binding was seen with the gamma and K417N RBDs.
Result: In contrast, 2E8 binding to RBDs with a single K417N or E484K mutation was not impaired (Figure 3a).
Result: The 2E8 ELISA bound to L, delta, the K417N mutant, kappa, and epsilon but not to any of the Y501-containing variant proteins: alpha, beta, and gamma.
Result: We also tested RBDs
Discussion: This is attributable to the K417N mutation, which alone reduces affinity 21.9-fold compared to a 13.8-fold reduction from the K417T change.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants, RBD Mutations, Binding Affinity, and Antibody Escape.
PMID: 34829998
2021
International journal of molecular sciences
Introduction: Surprisingly, the mutations of L452R, K417N, Y453F, E484K N501Y, and F490S transform the Ho-Hi interactions into Ho-Ho or ADD interactions at these positions, thus increasing the binding affinity with ACE2.
Introduction: There have been a number of missense mutations observed in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which have presented in one or more of the VOCs, including the N440K, G446V, L452R, Y453F, E484Q, F490S, N501Y
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Dog in Connecticut in February 2021.
Result: The virus from this CT dog did not contain mutations related to the South African variant B.1.351 (N501Y, E484K and K417N in Spike) or the U.K.
Phylogenomics and population genomics of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico during the pre-vaccination stage reveals variants of interest B.1.1.28.4 and B.1.1.222 or B.1.1.519 and the nucleocapsid mutation S194L associated with symptoms.
Introduction: Shortly after the appearance of D614G, other mutations in the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD
Result: Among these results, although not at a high frequency, cases of T478K co-occurring with other spike protein mutations of concern could be detected, including: (i) K417N, which is present in 20h/501Y.V2 or B.1.351, identified in one sample (February 2021, GISAID EPI ISL 1137473); (ii) L18F, which is present in 20J/501Y.V3 or P.1, identified in one sequence from the State of Oaxaca, in the parental lineage B.1 (January 2021, GISAID EPI ISL 1168605); and (iii) the deletion of an amino acid in position 144, which occurs in 20I/501Y.V1 or B.1.1.7 and 20A/S.484K or B.1.525, in one sample from Mexico City (February 2020, GISAID EPI ISL 1181713).
Molecular insights into receptor binding energetics and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Result: The same contact is more persistent in Alpha variant with freq ~ 0.9 and under mutations K417N and K417T in Beta and Gamma respectively, the contact frequency drops below 0.4, which correlates with the dramatic drop of the electrostatic contribution in the interfacial energy.
Differential Interactions between Human ACE2 and Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.
PMID: 34856802
2021
Journal of chemical theory and computation
Conclusion: K417N/T mutations of Beta and Gamma appear to make the RBD-ACE2 interactions less strong compared to the Alpha variant.
Method: From the WT RBD structure, each variant was modeled with the following mutations: Alpha (N501Y), Beta (K417N, E484K, N501Y), Gamma (
Result: As shown in Figure 2B and C, Alpha and Beta variants include the N501Y mutation, while the Beta variant involves two additional mutations, K417N and E484 K.
Result: The only difference between Gamma and Beta is the K417 mutation, i.e., K417T vs K417N.
Recognition of Variants of Concern by Antibodies and T Cells Induced by a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine.
Introduction: Furthermore, Beta and Gamma exhibit mutations in the residue K417 of the RBD but differ in the amino acid substitutions (K417N for Beta and K417T for Gamma), which may affect antibody binding.
Characterization of altered genomic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in Saudi Arabia in a comparative in silico study.
PMID: 34866979
2021
Saudi journal of biological sciences
Discussion: These results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in KSA are free from E484K, K417N, N501Y mutations which characterized South African variant and from N501Y which characterized UK variant.
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Revealing Vaccine-Resistant Mutations in Europe and America.
PMID: 34873910
2021
The journal of physical chemistry letters
3Introduction: Moreover, we have pointed out that Y449S and Y449H are two vaccine-resistant mutations, and ""Y449S, S494P, K417N,
Introduction: Later, we provided a list of most likely vaccine escape RBD mutations with high frequency, including S494P, Q493L, K417N, F490S, F486L, R403K, E484K, L452R, K417T, F490L, E484Q, and A475S.
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 resistance mutations in a patient who received anti-SARS-COV2 spike protein monoclonal antibodies: a case report.
Abstract: CASE PRESENTATION: We here report the case of an immunosuppressed patient infected with a B.1.1.7 variant, who received a combination of monoclonal antibodies, and subsequently selected mutations K417N, E484K and Q493R on Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: It showed a typical B1.1.7 variant on the first sample (April 13th); double populations: K417K/N, E484E/K and Q493Q/R on the 2nd sample (28th April), and E484K and
Discussion: Other mutations on the S protein liable to escape mAbs effect have been described, especially K417N and Q493R.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
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