Introduction: The Beta (B.1.351) variant encodes an S protein with nine mutations (L18F, D80A, D215G, Del 241-243, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G and A701V, three of which (K417N, E484K and N501Y) are in the RBD.
Introduction: The Gamma P.1 variant encodes an S protein with 12 mutations (L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, PMID: 34931193
2021
bioRxiv
Result: 3C) suggests that three substitutions contribute favorably to the binding (with high consensus) while K417N leads to the loss of an interface hydrogen bond.
Result: K417N has been shown experimentally to lead to reduction in REGN10933 binding by various degrees, ranging from 4.4- to >100-fold reductions, while reduced binding by 0.8- to 6.7-fold has been reported for the cocktail with REGN10987.
Result: K417N is predicted to lose a salt bridge with C002.
Result: K417N results in the loss of one salt bridge and two hydrogen bonds.
Result: All four models of omRBD-C002 highlight the markedly destabilizing effects of K417N and E484A at the interface.
Result: Many of the substitutions or sites of substitutions in omRBD were observed individuall
Booster of mRNA-1273 Strengthens SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Neutralization.
Introduction: The Beta variant contained spike mutations L18F, D80A, D215G, Delta242-244, R246I, K417N, E484K, N501Y and A701V.
Introduction: The Omicron spike in this study contained mutations A67V, Delta69-70, T95I, G142D, Delta143-145, Delta211, L212I, +214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N44
The Development of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: The Gene Makes the Disease.
PMID: 34940505
2021
Journal of developmental biology
Introduction: Close to them within the RBD, K417N, and K417T mutations have been repeatedly described to protect against binding to certain monoclonal antibodies.
Introduction: However, the neutralization activities of some antibodies directed against the Beta Spike were seriously impaired or even wholly abolished, which is attributed to the presence of the E484K mutation and, to a lesser extent, to the K417N substitution, both in the RBD.
Introduction: In addition, convalescent plasma obtained six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.5- to 20.2-fold less effective at neutralizing the K417N + E484K +
Chimeric crRNA improves CRISPR-Cas12a specificity in the N501Y mutation detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Discussion: To further differentiate Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Mu, other mutation sites in the Spike protein like 69-70 deletion or 144 deletion, 242-244 deletion or K417N, R190S or K417T, T95I or R346K can be detected respectively.
Insights into the Binding of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type and B.1.620 Variant with hACE2 Using Molecular Docking and Simulation Approaches.
Introduction: In contrast, the delta+ variant acquired an additional mutation, the K417N mutation, alongside the L452R and T478K mutations.
Endogenous Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Mild or Moderate COVID-19 Who Received Bamlanivimab Alone or Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab Together.
Result: We assessed IC50 titers of serum samples against three different pseudoviruses, containing the E484Q or E484K substitutions in spike, as well as the beta-variant (B.1.351) which contains E484K and K417N substitutions that have been shown to significantly reduce the binding of both bamlanivimab and etesevimab.
Discussion: The latter is a variant of concern and has two key mutations in the RBD of spike, E484K and the K417N, and can escape both bamlanivimab and etesevimab recognition and neutralization in vitro.
Computational Saturation Mutagenesis of SARS-CoV-1 Spike Glycoprotein: Stability, Binding Affinity, and Comparison With SARS-CoV-2.
PMID: 34957216
2021
Frontiers in molecular biosciences
Introduction: We identified some target mutations D614G, N501Y, and K417N in the South Africa, United Kingdom, and Brazil variants, respectively.
SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Displays Moderate Resistance to Neutralizing Antibodies and Spike Protein Properties of Higher Soluble ACE2 Sensitivity, Enhanced Cleavage and Fusogenic Activity.
Introduction: An additional substitution in RBD, K417N is also observed in the RBD of AY.1.
Result: AY.1 pseudoviruses displayed similar resistance to the nAbs as B.1.617.2 pseudoviruses, except for complete resistance to one additional nAb (N) due to the K417N RBD substitution and one cnAb (S) (Figure 4C).
Result: Again, pseudoviruses K417N, L452R, T478K, L452Q + F490S, and B.1.429 were close to WT(D614G) (0.05-0.51 AU).
Result: Likewise, titers against K417N (GMT 1208 for Pfizer and 2070 for Moderna) and
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lineages Using the S1-Encoding Region Sequence Obtained by PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing.
Introduction: Variants belonging to this lineage have three mutations in the RBD: K417N, E484K, and N501Y, and several others outside the
Discussion: Interestingly, K417N, L452R, E484K, and E484Q are the mutations known to disrupt receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding capacity, making them more infectious by immune escape against the current vaccines.
Discussion: Our pipeline does not allow the determination of the precise sub-lineage of Delta variant, because the differences detected in the S1 domain are not discriminant enough, with an exception for the AY.1 and AY.2 lineages, characterized by the K417N mutation.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Frontiers in immunology
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