Introduction: Mutations at this same position (E484K) have been observed in the variants Gamma and Zeta, as well as in the variant Beta.
Introduction: Mutations in the Beta and Gamma variants, including E484K and K417N/T, are of high concern since they partly compromise neutralization generated by previous infection or vaccination or affect viral stability.
Computational decomposition reveals reshaping of the SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 interface among viral variants expressing the N501Y mutation.
PMID: 34516024
2021
Journal of cellular biochemistry
Abstract: These SARS-Cov-2 variants comprise the two Alpha variants (B.1.1.7, United Kingdom and B.1.1.7 with the additional E484K mutation), the Beta variant (B.1.351, South Africa), and the Gamma variant (P.1, Brazil).
Abstract: Finally, we have identified the co-mutations that have the great likelihood of becoming dominant: [A411S, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, N501Y], [V401L, L452R, T478K], [K417N, L452R, T478K], [L452R, T478K, E484K, N501Y], and [P384L, K417N, E484K, N501Y].
Introduction: By analyzing
Bispecific antibodies targeting distinct regions of the spike protein potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
PMID: 34519517
2021
Science translational medicine
Abstract: Furthermore, a bispecific antibody that neutralized the Beta variant protected hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 expressing the E484K mutation.
Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant mRNA vaccine boosters in healthy adults: an interim analysis.
Method: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were quantified using lentivirus particles that incorporate SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate mutated to contain D614G) or the B.1.351 variant S protein (L18F-D80A-D215G- L242- A243- L244-K417N-E484K-N501Y-D614G-A701V) on their surface and express firefly luciferase reporter gene for quantitative measurements of infection by relative luminescence units (RLUs) as described.
A bioluminescent and homogeneous SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and hACE2 interaction assay for antiviral screening and monitoring patient neutralizing antibody levels.
Abstract: In contrast, while E484K mutation did not highly change the binding affinity, it still escaped antibody inhibition likely due to changes in the epitope recognized by the antibody.
Result: Antibody 5 displayed reduced binding to RBD-Fc E484K, while antibody 14 showed intermediate binding toward all RBD-Fc tested.
Result: The E484K mutation impaired inhibition by antibody 5.
Result: The E484K mutation that is common in many of the virus variants showed a twofold decrease in affinity to hACE2.
Result: These results prompted us to investigate the effect of mutations E484K, Y453F and N501Y on the binding of neutralizing antibodies described in.
The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia.
Discussion: For example, the virus with the N501Y mutation has similar binding to ACE2, while the K417N and the E484K mutants may have slightly increased binding to ACE2.
In vitro selection of Remdesivir resistance suggests evolutionary predictability of SARS-CoV-2.
Result: Importantly, in our in vitro passaged viruses we observed both synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions occurring at the same sites within spike (H69R, E484D, N501T, H655Y, P681P) as those identified in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha (B.1.1.7): Delta69/70, N501Y, P681H; Gamma (P.1): E484K, N501Y, H655Y; Beta (B.1.351): E484K, N501Y) (Fig 4).
Result: It is important to stress these emerging variants of concern, collectively, share a combination of three amino acid mutations in spik
Contribution of single mutations to selected SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants spike antigenicity.
Introduction: Similarly, the E484K and K417N/T mutations in the RBD that were first described in the B.1.351 and P.1 lineages likely due to immune evasion from vaccine or natural infection-elicited antibodies, are now present in several other lineages.
Result: No major changes were observed for the E484K mutation.
Result: Of note, the E484K mutation, also found in the RBD of other emerging variants (P.1 and B.1.526) did not significantly impact the ACE2-Fc interaction.
Figure: N, (D) K417T, (E) E484K, and (F)
Figure: N, (D) K417T, (E) E484K, and (F).
The emergence and ongoing convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y lineages.
Result: Additionally, whereas a convergent A701V mutation is also found in the B.1.526 and S/E484K carrying lineage that was first identified in New York, P681H is found in the S/E484K and S/N501Y carrying P.3 lineage first identified in the Philippines, and both S/H655Y and S/P681H are found in the highly mutated S/E484K carrying A.VOI.V2 lineage first identified in Tanzanian travelers.
Result: Based on the observed degree of frequency increases, mutations such as ORF1a/1708D (corresponding to nsp3/890D with 15.8 and >12.0-fold increases in V2 and V3, respectively), S/26S (>13-fold increase in V2),
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Cureus
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