Genomic characterization of the dominating Beta, V2 variant carrying vaccinated (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and nonvaccinated COVID-19 patient samples in Bangladesh: A metagenomics and whole-genome approach.
Abstract: Noteworthily, the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of S protein of all the isolates harbored similar substitutions including K417N, E484K, and N501Y that signify the Beta, while D614G, D215G, D80A, A67V, L18F, and A701V substitutions were commonly found in the non-RBD region of Spike proteins.
The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 Beta underscores the antigenic distance to other variants.
Result: A large group of mAbs (Beta-6, -10, -23, -24, -30, -40, -54, -55, -56) showed good neutralization of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Alpha+ viruses, with either reduced or completely absent neutralization of Victoria, B.1.525 (E484K), and Delta viruses (Figure 2B).
Result: Four representative mAbs from different epitope classes were selected: Beta-20, which recognizes the K417N/T mutation and can potently neutralize Beta and to a lesser extent Gamma, Beta-24, which is specific to the N501Y mutation present in Alpha, Beta, and Gamma, Beta-26, which recognizes the E484K mutation found in Beta and Gamma, and Beta-27, the IgVH3-53 fully cross-reactive mAb, which neutralizes all variants similarly.
Result: MAb Beta-26 requires the Beta E484K mutation for potent neutralization but is also exquisitely sensitive
Structural and functional insights into the major mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its interaction with human ACE2 receptor.
PMID: 34955621
2022
Journal of King Saud University. Science
Introduction: Due to the E484K substitution, the 501Y.V2 variant is more resistant to multiple monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, and vaccine sera, whereas the N501Y substitution enhanced the affinity to human ACE2 and infectivity.
Introduction: Substitution mutations like D614G, N501Y, Y453F, N439K/R, P681H, K417N/T, and E484K, as well as deletion mutations like DeltaH69/V70 and Delta242-244 are the most common in the spike protein.
Introduction: The E484K mutation is present in the Beta variants, whereas the E484K and
SARS-CoV-2 infections in mRNA vaccinated individuals are biased for viruses encoding spike E484K and associated with reduced infectious virus loads that correlate with respiratory antiviral IgG levels.
PMID: 34915409
2022
International immunopharmacology
Discussion: However, the E484K mutation diminishes its interaction with Bamlanivimab in vitro.
Discussion: On the other hand, how the E484K mutation alters the ACE2 recognition is yet to be understood at the structural level.
Discussion: Results obtained from this study provide crucial insight into the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs on SARS-CoV2 variants harboring the E484K
Discussion: recently evaluated the susceptibility of the 28 pseudoviruses expressing many spike single and multiple variations to neutralization by 12 mAbs (11 of them are anti-RBD) and observed that the E484K mutation is resistant to class II mAbs, while in combination with K417N and N501Y it showed resistance to class I and II mAbs.
Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.28.2 (P2) variant and pathogenicity comparison with D614G variant in hamster model.
PMID: 34959053
2022
Journal of infection and public health
Introduction: During January 2021, lineage P.1, also known as Gamma variant, a VOC with 17 amino acid changes which includes N501Y, E484K, and K417N on the spike protein; ORF1b deletion outside the <
Result: The amino acid substitutions detected in both the isolates were D614G, E484K, V1176F in the spike, A119S, G204R, M234I, R203K in the N, L205V in NSP5, L71F in NSP7 and P32L in NSP 12.
SARS-CoV-2 spike evolutionary behaviors; simulation of N501Y mutation outcomes in terms of immunogenicity and structural characteristic.
PMID: 34783057
2022
Journal of cellular biochemistry
Conclusion: So far, many mutations (E484K, Q493N, and N501T) have been identified in the RBD domain of this protein.
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 linages that introduced K417N/E484K/N501Y spike mutations show a greater transmission and infectivity potency compared to the native form.
SARS-CoV-2 infections in mRNA vaccinated individuals are biased for viruses encoding spike E484K and associated with reduced infectious virus loads that correlate with respiratory antiviral IgG levels.
3Introduction: Later, the E484K mutation in the S protein emerged independently in different VOI and VOC, probably by evolutiona
Introduction: For this reason, it was proposed for lineage reassignment (B.1+L249S+E484K) and laboratory evaluation of neutralizing antibodies.
Introduction: In fact, the E484K mutation is a significant genetic marker, and its presence is considered enough to qualify a variant for VOI status.
Introduction: In line with this, SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance at Colombia's National Institute of Health (INS), identified a highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage characterized by the presence of 21 substitutions, including two amino acid changes in the S protein (L249S and E484K).
A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV, and other sarbecoviruses.
Introduction: As an example, a single mutation, E484 K, found in several variants could knock out a class of antibodies binding the receptor binding motif (RBM) on the viral spike.
Result: Here we assessed 2-36 activity on more variants, including pseudoviruses representing the combination of key spike mutations of B.1.427/B.1.429, R.1, B.1.1.1, B.1.525, B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.7 with E484 K, as well as many pseudoviruses with single spike mutations which are naturally circulating in COVID-19 patients with high frequency and located in the N-terminal domain, RBD, or S2.
Occurrence of a substitution or deletion of SARS-CoV-2 spike amino acid 677 in various lineages in Marseille, France.
Abstract: Thus, the spike Q677H substitution should be considered as another example of convergent evolution, as it is the case of spike substitutions L18F, E484K, L452R, and N501Y which also independently appeared in various lineages.
Introduction: The variants recently considered to be of greatest concern are those carrying amino acid substitutions N501Y and/or E484K within the spike protein, as they have increased affinity for the ACE2 cellular receptor, decreased sensitivity to neutralising antibodies, and may escape the immune responses elicited by the vaccines currently used in Western countries.
Comparative mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Pakistan and structural-functional implications using computational modelling and simulation approaches.
PMID: 34968862
2022
Computers in biology and medicine
Result: Recently reported mutations in the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from South Africa (Lys417Asn, Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr) (501Y.V2Variant) and Brazil (Lys417Asn, Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr) had led these strains to evade the vaccines successfully.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Journal of medical virology
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