Abstract: We applied the primer set and wet-laboratory protocol to sequence 222 samples that were missing positions with key mutations K417N, E484K, and N501Y due to poor coverage after NGS sequencing.
Abstract: We successfully sequenced 153 samples of 222 (69 %) using Sanger sequencing and confirmed the occurrence of key beta variant mutations (K417N, E484K, N501Y) in the S genes of 142 of 153 (93 %) samples.
Neutralisation sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant: a cross-sectional study.
PMID: 35305699
2022
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
Introduction: Mutations at amino acid positions 484, 417, and 501 are common to multiple variants of concern, and these three mutations alone (but E484K instead of E484A in the omicron variant) explain the majority of resistance exhibited by the beta (B.1.351) variant, which has no other receptor binding domain mutations.
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant induces an antibody response largely focused on class 1 and 2 antibody epitopes.
Result: Delta + E484K has an ~8-fold effect on neutralization for primary Delta-infection elicited antibodies, but only a ~3-fold effect for mRNA vaccination- or Delta breakthrough infection-elicited antibodies, comparable to the effect of Delta + K417N mutation.
Result: In some cases, Discussion: But, the effects of K417N can be unmasked when present in a spike background that already contains mutations that disrupt binding of some class 2 antibodies, such as E484K or L452R.
Discussion: We also examined how the K417N and E484K mutations (in the class 1 and 2 epitopes, respectively) impact neutralization in the Delta spike background.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development.
Introduction: Although E484K is not known to exist in the Omicron variant, the analogous E484A can be reasonably speculated to perform a similar role.
Introduction: However, in the presence of E484K, the protection range could be extended.
Introduction: Interestingly, the presence of the K417N mutation did not affect spike-ACE2 binding affinity but produced positive cooperativity with E484K/N501Y.
Introduction: Three of these mutations are in position 477 (S477N, S477G, and S477R) and four in position 484 (E484A, E484D, E484G<
Coronavirus Genomes and Unique Mutations in Structural and Non-Structural Proteins in Pakistani SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variants during the Fourth Wave of the Pandemic.
Introduction: The E484K mutation, present in the receptor-binding ridge, has been detected in S protein in multiple lineages.
Discussion: The T478K mutation at the RBD region of S protein, fell near the E484K that facilitates antibody escape.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern alpha, beta, gamma and delta have extended ACE2 receptor host ranges.
PMID: 35377298
2022
The Journal of general virology
Abstract: All four VOCs were able to overcome a previous restriction for mouse ACE2, with demonstrable differences also seen for individual VOCs with rat, ferret or civet ACE2 receptors, changes that we subsequently attributed to N501Y and E484K substitutions within the spike RBD.
Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters.
Discussion: The B.1.351 variant is known worldwide for its immune escape property due to the mutations K417N, E484K and N501Y in the RBD of the spike region.
Clinical Evaluation of a Fully-Automated High-Throughput Multiplex Screening-Assay to Detect and Differentiate the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) Lineage Variants.
Result: The clinical sample set notably included SARS-CoV-2 lineages with P681H (non-N679K), Del-HV69-70 (non-A67V), E484K and E484Q sequence variances (e.g., B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa)).
Optimization and Application of a Multiplex Digital PCR Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Belgian Influent Wastewater.
Introduction: Multiple methods have been developed targeting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (e.g., N501Y and E484K) or characteristic deletions (e.g., spike SDelta69/70 deletion and ORF1a Delta3675-3677) in the genome (often the spike domain) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Fractionation of sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis separates its anticoagulant and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties.
PMID: 35337800
2022
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: We observed distinct affinities of BoSG derivatives for the S-proteins of different SARS-CoV-2 strains, including WT, N501Y (Alpha), K417T/E484K/N501Y (Gamma), and L542R (Delta) mutants, a
Introduction: The emergence of a triple-mutated variant (K417T, E484K, N501Y, B.1.1.28), referred to as Gamma SARS-CoV-2, has been reported in Brazil.
Result: 5F), and Gamma K417T/E484K/N501Y.
Result: some affinity for the Gamma K417T/E484K/N501Y mutant.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
Microbial genomics
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