Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Leading to Antigenic Variations in Spike Protein: A Challenge in Vaccine Development.
PMID: 32884216
2020
Journal of laboratory physicians
Discussion: The amino acid change in 23403A>G variant (p.D614G) involves a change of large acidic residue D (aspartic acid) into small hydrophobic residue G (glycine).
Phylogeography of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain: a story of multiple introductions, micro-geographic stratification, founder effects, and super-spreaders.
Result: Mutations C241T, C3037T, C14408T, and A23403G (MP4) provided the basis for the other MPs patterns; meanwhile, mutations G28881A, G28882A, and G28883C appeared together.
Discussion: A23403G is one of the most prominent mutations; it occurs in the S protein at amino acid residue 614, where Aspartic acid is substituted by Glycine (D614G).
Discussion: All MPs with the exception of MP1 had the basic genomic mutation A23403G.
Discussion: et al., but with the additional mutations T265I on ORF1ab,
Genetic grouping of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequences using informative subtype markers for pandemic spread visualization.
Result: Both subtypes, CCCGCCAGGGA and TCCGCCAGTGG, have an A23403G mutation (corresponding to position 14 in the ISM) which has been discussed in recent studies.
Result: Indeed, Fig 10 illustrates how, in late February, A23403G started to take off in abundance and has quickly overwhelmed the initially more prevalent subtype.
Result: Subtypes including the A23403G/D614G spike protein variant.
Result: The SNV A23403G (resulting in D614G variant in spike protein) is a major viral mutation that has been observed in the major European countries of Italy, Spain, France, as well as Middle Eastern regions of Turkey and Israel.
Result: These studies also identified a SNV of
A persistently replicating SARS-CoV-2 variant derived from an asymptomatic individual.
PMID: 32967693
2020
Journal of translational medicine
Result: Alignment analyses showed that, with respect to the Wuhan-Hu-1 Reference Genome NC_045512.2, SARS-CoV-UNIBS-2 AP66 consensus sequence displayed 6 nucleotide substitutions (C241T; C3037T; C14408T; T21784G; C21846T; A23403G) leading to 4 non-synonymous changes (ORF1ab polypeptide: P4715L; S protein: N74K, T95I, D614G).
Result: Less pathogenic GZ69 consensus sequence differed from Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate in 11 nucleotide positions (C241T; C2939T; C3037T
Structural and Functional Analysis of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant.
Result: A23403G was first reported at the end of January 2020 in virus genomes from China and Germany.
Result: Given how few SARS-CoV-2 genomes have been sequenced from early in the outbreak, the geographic origin of A23403G cannot be determined.
Result: Sequences available over recent weeks, though, indicate that A23403G has nearly reached fixation globally (Figures 1A and 1B).
Result: The frequency of A23403G has increased steadily over time and is now present in approximately 74% of all published sequences (Figure 1 A).
Result: These four SNPs include C241U in the 5'UTR, a silent mutation C3037U, C14408U encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase variant P323L, and A23403G
Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and Failure of Humoral Immunity: a case report.
Result: Conspicuously, the July sequence (InCoV139-July) harbors none of the canonical mutations defining clade 19B and instead shares the canonical mutations defining clade 20A (C3037T, C14408T and A23403G), 1 canonical mutation of clade 20C (G25563T), as well as 1 other 20A mutation.
Result: Importantly, present in InCoV139-July (but not in InCoV139-March) is the A23403G mutation, which confers the D614G amino acid change in spike protein, and defines the SARS-CoV-2 strain with greater replicative fitness, introduced separately to the US East Coast via Europe.
Characterization of local SARS-CoV-2 isolates and pathogenicity in IFNAR(-/-) mice.
Result: The mutation (A23403G) resulting in this substitution is significant, as it is not only the most frequently-detected mutation worldwide, but likely to impact one of the B cell epitopes located on the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well.
Table: A23403G
Molecular epidemiology of the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Thailand in 2020.
Discussion: At the beginning of the outbreak, Chinese isolates were mainly variant O, the most related to the reference sequence NC_045512.2, but in mid-January 2020, variant S (T 28144 C) and few cases of V (G 26144 T) and G (A 23403 G) started to appear.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
Journal of laboratory physicians
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