Result: The acquisition of A222V and K417N by the Delta variant (AY.2 lineage) was associated with an upsurge in COVID-19 cases in Europe and the USA, and importantly, these amino acid changes were not found in the Delta variants from this study.
Discussion: Acquisition of the K417N and A222V mutations by Delta resulted in the emergence of AY.2, which is being associated with an upsurge in COVID-19 infections in the United States.
SARS-CoV-2 AY.4.2 variant circulating in Italy: Genomic preliminary insight.
Abstract: AY.4.2, a recently detected Delta variant sublineage, is considered a new variant under investigation (VUI) as it carries specific genetic signatures present in the spike protein, called Y145H and A222V.
Introduction: This new subvariant of the virus is distinguished by two mutations in its spike protein, called Y145H and A222V and it has been suggested that it might be 10%-15% more transmissible than the original strain.
Discussion: This emerging lineage carries two additional mutations in the spike protein (Y145H and A222V), that may have functional importance, in addition to several mutations seen in the Delta variant related to increased risk of disease seve
Analysis of SARS-COV2 spike protein variants among Iraqi isolates.
Abstract: Twenty-two distinct mutations were identified within the spike protein regions which were: L5F, L18F, T19R, S151T, G181A, A222V, A348S, L452 (Q or M), T478K, N501Y, A520S, A522V, A570D, S605A, D614G, Q675H, N679K, P681H, T716I, S982A, A1020S, PMID: 34801754
2022
Infection, genetics and evolution
Result: D614G has been shown to alter the conformational state of the receptor binding domain through a hinge mechanism involving its loop structure, and it is possible that A222V may have a similar effect on the conformational state.
Result: A comparison of the secondary structure of A222V to that of D614G shows that both variants occur in a loop region.
Result: A ribbon diagram of A222V.
Result: The N-terminal domain (NTD)
Figure: A222V is located on a loop region, as is the case with D614G (D).
Figure: C) A ribbon diagram visualizing the secondary structure of the A222V variant and surrounding residues.
A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain).
Discussion: The fact that B.1.177 was defined by the acquisition of the A222V mutation in the Spike could also confer a significant advantage to the virus, favouring its rapid selection and dissemination.
Haplotype distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in low and high vaccination rate countries during ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021.
PMID: 34848355
2022
Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: Meanwhile, the new haplotype 2C_3 bearing the mutations at EFR156-158del, T19R, A222V, L452R, T478K, and D614G in Spike occupied over 54.8% in May 2021 in the low partly vaccinated rate group (India, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam).
Table: A222V
Discriminatory Weight of SNPs in Spike SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Technically Rapid, Unambiguous, and Bioinformatically Validated Laboratory Approach.
5Result: In any case, the A222V mutation, the only unique mutation for the Nextstrain Cluster 20A.EU.1"" variant, can be sequenced using three primer combinations constantly provided in our work (FS-1F/FS-2R; FS-2F/FS-3R; and FS-3F/FS-4R)."
Result: It should be noted that, owing to the lack of the A222V mutation, the Nextstrain Cluster 20A.EU.1 variant was overlooked by that test, causing a drop to 0.84 in the estimated overall sensitivity.
Table: A222V
Infectivity and antigenicity of pseudoviruses with high-frequency mutations of SARS-CoV-2 identified in Portugal.
Discussion: In this study, the VSV system was used to construct pseudoviruses harboring high-frequency SARS-CoV-2 mutations circulating in Portugal, including D61
Discussion: Interestingly, for the majority of high-frequency mutant viruses circulating in Portugal (i.e., A222V+D614G, B.1.1.7, D839Y+D614G, P1162R+D614G+A222V, S477N+D614G, and L176F+D614G, but not B.1.1.7 and S477N+D614G), immune escape from the mAbs used in this study was not observed.
Fusogenicity and neutralization sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta sublineage AY.4.2.
Abstract: The AY.4.2 spike displays three additional mutations (T95I, Y145H and A222V) in the N-terminal domain when compared to the original Delta variant (B.1.617.2) and remains poorly characterized.
Introduction: The A222V mutation was noted in the B.1.177 (or 20A.EU1) lineage that emerged in Spain and spread throughout Europe in summer 2020.
Introduction: The AY.4.2 sub-lineage is notably defined by the presence of Y145H and A222V mutations that lie within the N-terminal Domain (NTD) of the spike.
Introduction: The effect of combined Y145H and A222V mutat
Protective Immunity of the Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reduces Disease Severity Post Re-Infection with Delta Variants in Syrian Hamsters.
Method: Delta AY.1 variant had D614G, E156G, F157del, K417N, L452R, P681R, R158del, T19R, T95I and T478K substitutions; the Delta variant had A222V, D614G, D950N, G142D, L452R, P681R, T19R, T478K substitutions; and the B.1 variant had the D614G substitution in the spike protein.
SARS_CoV_2 mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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