IV mutation literature information.


  Influenza and other respiratory viruses in three Central American countries.
 PMID: 21306576       2011       Influenza and other respiratory viruses
Result: The analyses show that all influenza B (n = 10) samples were sensitive to oseltamivir, and all influenza A/H3N2 (n = 10) samples were resistant to amantadine (mutation S31N) and sensitive to oseltamivir.


  [The 2009 pandemic influenza in Russia. I. Diagnosis and molecular biological characteristics of the virus].
 PMID: 21427949       2011       Voprosy virusologii
Abstract: All the test strains contain the S31N substitution in the M2 protein, which determines viral resistance to adamantine, and have no H275Y substitution in neuraminidase, which determines oseltamivir resistance.


  Exploring the size limit of templates for inhibitors of the M2 ion channel of influenza A virus.
 PMID: 21466220       2011       Journal of medicinal chemistry
Abstract: Inhibition of the wild-type (wt) M2 channel and the A/M2-S31N and A/M2-V27A mutant ion channels were measured in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEV) assays.
Abstract: Only the smallest analogue 8 was found to inhibit the S31N mutant ion channel.
Introduction: Amongst all the new compounds tested, 8 was the only one able to inhibit A/M2 S31N channel with an IC50 of 252 muM, slightly higher than t


  Phylogenetic analysis of an off-seasonal influenza virus A (H3N2) in Niigata, Japan, 2010.
 PMID: 21617310       2011       Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: These viruses exhibited the S31N mutation in M2, which confers resistance to amantadine.


  Molecular dynamics simulation directed rational design of inhibitors targeting drug-resistant mutants of influenza A virus M2.
 PMID: 21744829       2011       Journal of the American Chemical Society
Abstract: However, most of the current virulent influenza A viruses carry drug-resistant mutations alongside the drug binding site, such as S31N, V27A, and L26F, etc., each of which might be dominant in a given flu season.
Introduction: L26F, S31N, and V27A are relative
Introduction: Although S31N is the substitution found in current resistant strains, in other years V27A has predominated.


  Exploring organosilane amines as potent inhibitors and structural probes of influenza a virus M2 proton channel.
 PMID: 21819109       2011       Journal of the American Chemical Society
Introduction: A/M2 is more conserved than other drug targets of influenza A virus with only three predominant drug resistant mutations S31N, V27A and L26F observed in widely circulating viruses, all of which are located in the transmembrane domain drug binding site.


  Virological surveillance and antiviral resistance of human influenza virus in Argentina, 2005-2008.
 PMID: 22358415       2011       Revista panamericana de salud publica
Abstract: RESULTS: Resistance to amantadine was observed only on A(H3N2) strains (29/33); all of them carried the mutation S31N in their M2 sequence.


  Rapid quantification of single-nucleotide mutations in mixed influenza A viral populations using allele-specific mixture analysis.
 PMID: 19761797       2010       Journal of virological methods
Abstract: The FluASMA assays target L26F, V27A, A30T, and S31N mutations in the A/Albany/1/98 (H3N2) M2 gene and H275Y mutation in the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) NA gene and have a limit of quantification of 0.25-0.50% mutant.


  Mechanism and Kinetics of Copper Complexes Binding to the Influenza A M2 S31N and S31N/G34E Channels.
 PMID: 19889895       2010       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: In the present study, we developed a novel method to detect amantadine-resistant strains harboring the Ser31Asn mutation in the M2 gene based on the cycling probe method and real-time PCR.


  Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1)2009 in Yemen - case report.
 PMID: 20459681       2010       Virology journal
Abstract: Both clinical specimens presented the mutation S31N in the M2 gene associated with resistance to adamantanes and H274Y in NA gene associated with resistance to oseltamivir.
Conclusion: Both clinical specimens presented the mutation S31N in the M2 gene associated with resistance to adamantanes.
Discussion: Moreover, this isolate, and others collected over the summer in Hong Kong have a clade 2C HA and M2 which has H274Y in NA (both clade 2B and clade C) as well as S31N on M2, signaling additional exchanges of polymorphisms6 leading to the emergence of H1N1



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