literature

IV mutation literature information.

In-Depth Analysis of HA and NS1 Genes in A(H1N1)pdm09 Infected Patients.

PMID: 27186639 2016 PloS one

Result: This analysis showed that seven HA minority variants (Q188R/N194S/N194D/D222E/Q223R/E224G/T245N) may play a role in the host specificity shift and that two (S190G/Q223R) are related to antigenic drift and/or escape mutant.

Discussion: Besides the predominant HA variants S203T and D222E, we detected a number of minority variants (S203P/A, D222G, Q223R and E224G) within the RBS, all

Clinical and molecular characteristics of the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 infection with severe or fatal disease from 2009 to 2011 in Shenzhen, China.

PMID: 23280524 2013 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: Four substitutions (D222G, D222N, D222E, and Q223R) were observed on the 220-loop of the receptor-binding sites of the HA gene.

Antigenic drift of the pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in A ferret model.

PMID: 23671418 2013 PLoS pathogens

Method: S203T, Q223R and H496N were introduced into the HA gene to generate pHW-2000-A/Tasmania/2004/2009 HA vector.

Table: Q223R

Effects of the Q223R mutation in the hemagglutinin (HA) of egg-adapted pandemic 2009 (H1N1) influenza A virus on virus growth and binding of HA to human- and avian-type cell receptors.

PMID: 24020758 2013 Acta virologica

Abstract: In this study, the Q223R mutation was shown to change the viral HA binding preference from the human-type receptor, alpha2,6-linked sialic acid, to the avian-type receptor, alpha2,3-linked sialic acid; and to enhance the viral growth in embryonated eggs but not in cell culture.

Abstract: The glutamine to arginine mutation at the amino acid position 223 (Q223R) of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene is the major mutation previously found in egg-adapted 2009 H1N1 strains and shown to enhance viral growth in embryonated eggs.

Effects of the Q223R mutation in the hemagglutinin (HA) of egg-adapted pandemic 2009 (H1N1) influenza A virus on virus growth and binding of HA to human- and avian-type cell receptors.

PMID: 22363521 2012 PloS one

Abstract: METHODS/RESULTS: To elucidate the existence and transmissibility of alpha2,3 sialic acid-specific viruses in H1N1pdm, amino acid substitutions within viral hemagglutinin molecules were investigated, especially D187E, D222G, and Q223R, which are related to a shift from human to avian receptor specificity.

Discussion: The present study did not confirm whether viruses w

Discussion: The results showed that alpha2,3 sialic acid-specific viruses containing D222G and/or Q223R substitutions within the HA molecule were present in the upper respiratory tract as a minor population in patients with mild H1N1pdm infections in the early phase (May 2009) of the pandemic in Japan.

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