literature

IV mutation literature information.

Discovery of M2 channel blockers targeting the drug-resistant double mutants M2-S31N/L26I and M2-S31N/V27A from the influenza A viruses.

PMID: 31669761 2020 European journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Result: Using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) assay, we tested this series of M2-S31N inhibitors to profile their channel blockage efficacy against both S31N/L26I and S31N/V27A M2 double mutant channels expressed in oocytes.

Result: With our continuous interest in developing M2 channel blockers, we aimed to expand the spectrum of activity of S31N inhibitors to S31N/V27A and S31N/L26I as well.

Result: Within both human and avian H5N1 strains, we did not observe any M2-

Functional neuraminidase inhibitor resistance motifs in avian influenza A(H5Nx) viruses.

PMID: 32750468 2020 Antiviral research

Discussion: Today a high proportion of the circulating avian influenza viruses possess mutations such as L26I or S31N, which confer resistance to amantadine.

Profiling the in vitro drug-resistance mechanism of influenza A viruses towards the AM2-S31N proton channel blockers.

PMID: 29518414 2018 Antiviral research

Result: Neither the AM2-L26I/A30T double mutant nor the AM2-S31N/L26I/A30T triple mutant was found in human, avian, or swine influenza strains in these analyses.

Result: Pla

Result: Similar to plaque-purified viruses, AM2-S31N/V27I and AM2-S31N/L26I rH3N2 viruses remained the dominant population after three passages.

Human Monoclonal Antibody 81.39a Effectively Neutralizes Emerging Influenza A Viruses of Group 1 and 2 Hemagglutinins.

PMID: 27630240 2016 Journal of virology

Table: L26I

Adamantane-resistant influenza a viruses in the world (1902-2013): frequency and distribution of M2 gene mutations.

PMID: 25768797 2015 PloS one

Discussion: Additionally, the high levels of the dual L26I and S31N resistance mutations mainly detected in H5N1 variants obtained from Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia indicate that viruses carrying this dual motif are stably selected (S3 Table).

Discussion: Given that the dual L26I and S31N motif are identified firstly in China in 2002 in our study, it appears that China might have been the location of introduction or generation of viruses.

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