Virological characterization of influenza H1N1pdm09 in Vietnam, 2010-2013.
PMID: 25966032
2015
Influenza and other respiratory viruses
Introduction: For example, the amino acid substitution at position D222G/E/N (H1 numbering) in the HA molecule was associated with increased viremia, severe pneumonia, and deaths; a substitution (I219K) in the glycan receptor-binding site of HA quantitatively increased its human receptor-binding affinity; and substitutions D131E, S186, and A198E contribute to virulence in mice.
Both influenza hemagglutinin and polymerase acidic genes are important for delayed pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus clearance in the ferret model.
Result: Mutations of HA have been linked with an increased binding to alpha2,6-sialyl receptors 90D and 225D, T200A and E227A synergistically, E227A, and I219K or a decreased binding for D222G.
A single base-pair change in 2009 H1N1 hemagglutinin increases human receptor affinity and leads to efficient airborne viral transmission in ferrets.
Introduction: Finally, we constructed a CA04/09 virus harboring the Ile219 Lys HA mutation using reverse genetics and showed that this mutant virus transmits efficiently via respiratory droplets in ferrets.
Figure: Three ferrets were intranasally inoculated with 106 PFU of rgCA04/09 (A) or rgCA04/09
Discussion: In the present study we demonstrate that a single Ile219 Lys amino acid change stabilizes the ionic molecular interaction network involving residues 219, 227 and 186 in the RBS of 2009 H1N1 HA that in turn substantially increases its human receptor affinity in comparison with wild-type HA.
Discussion: Moreover, the Ile219->Lys mutation requires a single nucleotide change, which also increases the probability of such a mutation to occur.
Effect of D222G mutation in the hemagglutinin protein on receptor binding, pathogenesis and transmissibility of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.
Discussion: The enhanced transmission observed with the HA (Ile219 Lys) may be due, at least in part, to its increased human receptor-(alpha2-6) binding affinity (particularly to the 6'SLN-LN glycan) by several-fold in comparison with wild-type.
IV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
Influenza and other respiratory viruses
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