Discussion: In the background of A/England/195/2009 (H1N1), air-emitted Y17H virus produced significantly fewer plaques than those produced by E31K, which has an activation pH of 5.3.
Identification of the I38T PA Substitution as a Resistance Marker for Next-Generation Influenza Virus Endonuclease Inhibitors.
Introduction: E31K is associated with increased replication of egg-passaged viruses, while the impact of E23K is unknown.
Introduction: Additionally, 2 PAN changes were identified in nonviable replicate passages (viral RNA could be recovered, but virus titers were below detection limits), including E23K in CA/04 and E31K in PR/8 (data not shown).
Introduction: However, in replicate assays that showed reduced viral replication capacity upon passage (CA/04 at P15 and PR/8 at P4) (data not shown), viruses were isolated that contained the I38T substitution in conjunction with an E23K or E31K PA substitution.
Single PA mutation as a high yield determinant of avian influenza vaccines.
Result: The E31K mutation in the PA protein, which is one of the four subunits of influenza virus polymerase complex, is a novel molecular alteration rIETR15 because almost all the PA proteins of influenza H1N1 viruses appear to possess a glutamic acid at this residue rather than lysine (Table S2).
Result: The effects of the PA E31K mutation on viral replication in the Vero cells were also evaluated on the other subtype CVVs.
Discussion: Even though rIETR/4Mut, which harbored all the four mutations, showed the most increased replication property, we tried to find a single molecular determinant of high yield influenza CVVs and focused on the PA E31K mutation based on its beneficial effects on viral replication in the Vero cells.
IV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
PloS one
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