literature

IV mutation literature information.

Evaluation of HA-D222G/N polymorphism using targeted NGS analysis in A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus in Russia in 2018-2019.

PMID: 33914831 2021 PloS one

Abstract: Co-occurrence of the mutations D222G and D222N was detected in a substantial number of the studied fatal cases (41%).

Abstract: The D222G/N mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of A(H1N1)pdm09 are associated with severe and fatal human influenza cases.

Abstract: The D222G/N mutations were detected at a low frequency (less than 1%) in the rest of the studied samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of influenza.

Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Within-Host Genetic Diversity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Patients with Severe Influenza.

PMID: 33408229 2021 mSphere

Abstract: However, the D222G/N substitution in hemagglutinin (HA) protein was the only amino acid substitution common to multiple patients.

Abstract: Therefore, it is important to investigate influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus populations using multiple paired samples from the upper and lower respiratory tract to avoid overlooking potentially important substitutions, especially in patients with severe disease.IMPORTANCE The D222G/N substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been reported to be associated with disease severity and mortality in numerous previous studies.

Result: Among these substitutions, HA-A134T and HA-

Genetic diversity of influenza A viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2018-2019 winter season.

PMID: 32459617 2020 Journal of medical microbiology

Abstract: HA1 D222N substitution, associated with increased virulence, was identified in two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.

Table: D222N

Discussion: D222G/N polymorphism has been reported in recently circulating viruses and two of the recent Bulgarian viruses (A/Bulgaria/013/2019 and A/Bulgaria/043/2019) carried D222N substitution.

Epidemic of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 analyzed by full genome sequences and the first case of oseltamivir-resistant strain in Myanmar 2017.

PMID: 32130243 2020 PloS one

Discussion: Another known important amino acid change, D222N/G in HA, was not detected in viruses from Myanmar in-patients.

Antigenic Site Variation in the Hemagglutinin of Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses between 2009-2017 in Ukraine.

PMID: 31635227 2019 Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

Abstract: Genetic changes were observed in each of the antigenic sites: Sa - S162T, K163Q, K163I; Sb - S185T, A186T, S190G, S190R; Ca1 - S203T, R205K, E235V, E235D, S236P; Ca2 - P137H, H138R, A141T, D222G, D222N; Cb - A73S, S74R, S74N.

Result: Substitution D222N

Severe cases of seasonal influenza in Russia in 2017-2018.

PMID: 31356626 2019 PloS one

Abstract: This study demonstrated the importance of monitoring D222G/N polymorphism, including detection of minor viral variants with the mutations, in the hemagglutinin gene of A(H1N1)pdm09 for epidemiological surveillance.

Result: Analysis of the HA gene of 29 selected cases of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza revealed in the major virus variant the presence of mutations D222G or D222N (H1 numbering) in the receptor-binding site in the MDCK isolates of four lethal cases out of 19 lethal cases included in the study (Table 2).

Result: Analysis of the HA D222G/N polymorphism using the next generation sequencing (NGS) data allowed us to detect and estimate the degree of the polymorphism in the studied cases.

Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season.

PMID: 28132927 2017 Infection, genetics and evolution

Discussion: None of the studied viruses carried HA1 D222G/N/S or Q293H substitutions, reported to be found more frequently in patients with severe disease or fatal outcome earlier in the pandemic period.

Virological characterization of influenza H1N1pdm09 in Vietnam, 2010-2013.

PMID: 25966032 2015 Influenza and other respiratory viruses

Abstract: We also identified a D222N change in the HA of a virus isolated from a fatal case in 2013.

Introduction: For example, the amino acid substitution at position D222G/E/N (H1 numbering) in the HA molecule was associated with increased viremia, severe pneumonia, and deaths; a substitution (I219K) in the glycan receptor-binding site of HA quantitatively increased its human receptor-binding affinity; and substitutions D131E, S186, and A198E contribute to virulence in mice.

Result: A deduced aspartic acid to asparagine substitution observed at position 222 (D222N) of the HA1

Functional balance between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 HA D222 variants.

PMID: 25119465 2014 PloS one

Abstract: D222G/N substitutions in A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin may be associated with increased binding of viruses causing low respiratory tract infections and human pathogenesis.

Discussion: The HA D222G/E/N substitution increases the intensity of binding for SAalpha-2,6 and alters the HA-NA balance which may decrease viral fitness in a SAalpha-2,6 environment.

Discussion: This is the first report, to our knowledge, that has studied the functional balance of HA-NA in human strains regarding the impact of the D222G/N/E substitution on SAalpha-2,6 HA binding.

Hemagglutinin mutation D222N of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus alters receptor specificity without affecting virulence in mice.

PMID: 24818619 2014 Virus research

Abstract: A dose-dependent glycan array analysis with the D222N virus showed a modest increase in the binding avidity to human-like (alpha-2,6 sialylated glycan) receptors and avian-like (alpha-2,3 sialylated glycan) receptors than the WT virus.

Abstract: The D222N HA mutation resulted in slight weight loss, lower lung titers, inflammatory cytokines and alveolar inflammation in mice than the WT virus.

Abstract: The D222N hemagglutinin (HA) mutation within the receptor-binding site was detected with higher frequencies in severe cases of 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) infections.

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