literature

Identification of the critical sites of NNRTI-resistance in reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 CRF_BC strains.

PMID: 24743727 2014 PloS one

Result: For example, M184V and K103N had 12 (A98G, K101Q, K103N, I132L, R135L, T139K, T139R, Y181C, Y188L, G190A, H221Y, and L228R) and 6 (R135L, T139K, T139R, Y181C, H221Y, L228R) target mutations, respectively.

Result: In addition to the three previously reported

PMID: 24746180 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: RPV-associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) mutation list and variants potentially affecting RPV susceptibility (L100I, K101H/T, E138S, V179F/D/G/T, G190A/E/S, F227L and M230V) based on the

E138A in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is more common in subtype C than B: implications for rilpivirine use in resource-limited settings.

PMID: 24746459 2014 Antiviral research

Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.

[Resistance evolutionary pathway analysis of HIV-1 CRF_07BC reverse transcriptase].

PMID: 24969455 2014 Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]

Abstract: CONCLUSION: HIV-1 CRF_07BC showed distinctive resistance evolutionary pathway, the mutations K103N,Q197K,V179D and Y188L were the major resistance mutations, and different resistance evolutionary pathways were observed between HIV-1 CRF_07BC and B subtype.

Abstract: RESULTS: The major resistance mutations for CRF_07BC were identified including K103N, Q197K, V179D and Y188L.

Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.

PMID: 25006528 2014 ISRN AIDS

Discussion: All of them cause high-level resistance to nevirapine and variable resistance to efavirenz, ranging from about twofold for V106A and Y181C, sixfold for G190A, 20-fold for K103N, and more than 50-fold for Y188L.

Discussion: The other primary NNRTI resistance mutations that were seen in our study were V106M (2/19), Y181C (1/19), Y188L (2/19), and G190A (1/19).

2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

PMID: 25101529 2014 Topics in antiviral medicine

Discussion: A 16th mutation, Y188L, reduces rilpivirine susceptibility 6-fold.

A uniquely prevalent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation in Russian subtype A HIV-1 viruses.

PMID: 25259833 2014 AIDS (London, England)

Result: The most common NNRTI-resistance mutations in 725 samples from 647 NNRTI-experienced patients with subtype A viruses were K103N (19%), G190A (13%), Y181C (11%), K101E (4.4%), G190S (3.9%), and Y188L (1.7%) (Supplemental Figure 1, http://links.lww.com/QAD/A586).

Result: The next most common NNRTI-resistance mutations in subtype AFSU viruses were K103N (25 patients), Y181C (13 patients), G190A (8 patients), A98G (4 patients), V108I (3 patients), and Y188L

Minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in treatment naive East-African and Caucasian patients detected by allele-specific real-time PCR.

PMID: 25333961 2014 PloS one

Result: Of these, two had M184V, two had NNRTI mutations (K101E, Y188L) and one had a PI mutation (N88S).

Table: Y188L

Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey.

PMID: 25397495 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: RESULTS: The patients had TDRMs to NRTIs (K65R, M184V), NNRTIs (K101E, K103N/S, G190A/E/S, Y181I/C, Y188H/L) and PIs (M46L, I54V, L76V, V82L/T, N83D, I84V, L90M).

HIV type 1 drug resistance patterns among patients failing first and second line antiretroviral therapy in Nairobi, Kenya.

PMID: 25487529 2014 BMC research notes

Discussion: Though patient were on NVP or EFV they both selected, K103N, Y181C, A190S mutations with mutations; Y188L, A190A detected on those on NVP while Y184V, K70KT mutations on those on EFV.