literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Analysis of nevirapine resistance in HIV-infected infants who received extended nevirapine or nevirapine/zidovudine prophylaxis.

PMID: 21487249 2011 AIDS (London, England)

Result: Five infants had NVP resistance mutations other than K103N and Y181C detected by ViroSeq at 14 weeks (V106A, Y188C/L, G190A) in the absence of K103N or Y181C.

Discussion: Five infants had other NVP resistance mutations detected at 14 weeks of age in the absence of K103N or Y181C (V106A, Y188C/L and G190A).

High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.

PMID: 21663632 2011 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Result: V106A/M, K101E and Y188C/L were noted in four, three and two patients, respectively.

Table: Y188L

Genotypic resistance at viral rebound among patients who received lopinavir/ritonavir-based or efavirenz-based first antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 21694608 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: K103N was the most commonly detected in 9 (25%) participants, V106M in 6 (16.7%), and G190S/A +/- Y188C/L in 6 (16.7%).

Revealing the drug-resistant mechanism for diarylpyrimidine analogue inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 21696545 2011 Chemical biology & drug design

Abstract: Diaryltriazine (DATA) and diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) were two category inhibitors with highly potent activity for wild type (wt) and four principal mutant types (L100I, K103N, Y181C and Y188L) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT).

Measuring enzymatic HIV-1 susceptibility to two reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a rapid and simple approach to HIV-1 drug-resistance testing.

PMID: 21799767 2011 PloS one

Abstract: Enzymatic 3TC resistance correlated well with the presence of M184I/V, and reduced NVP susceptibility was strongly associated with the presence of K103N, Y181C/I, Y188L, and G190A/Q.

Introduction: K103N and Y188L confer high-level resistance to NVP and EFV, while Y181C/I/V and G190A mainly reduce susceptibility to NVP.

Result: Enzymatic NVP resistance was associated with the presence of K103N, Y181C/I, Y188L, G190A/Q, or K238N in 88 of the 9

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV is stimulated by efavirenz during early stages of infection.

PMID: 21835788 2011 Journal of virology

Abstract: We also showed that EFV stimulates K101E+Y188L and K101E+V106I virus, but not K101E+L100I, K101E+K103N, K101E+Y181C, or K101E+G190A virus, suggesting that the stimulation is mutation specific.

1-[2-(2-Benzoyl- and 2-benzylphenoxy)ethyl]uracils as potent anti-HIV-1 agents.

PMID: 21903401 2011 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

Method: Plasmids encoding RT in which one or two amino acid residues were substituted (L100I, K103N, V106A, Y181C, Y188L, G190A and K103N/Y181C) were constructed by amplifying the gene in two fragments using the oligonucleotides listed in Table S1.

Result: In the case of the Y188L mutant RT, the activity of benzophenone 17 was 4.3-fold lower than for the wild-type enzyme, while compound 20 exhibited 12-fold lower activity.

Result: Moreover, the resistance index for the compounds against the Y181C,

Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.

PMID: 22132100 2011 PloS one

Method: RT mutations were identified from the International AIDS Society USA Drug (IAS-USA) mutation tables, spring 2008 (http://www.iasusa.org/resistance_mutations): M41L, K65R, D67N, insertion 69, K70R/E, L74I/V, L100I, K103N, V106A/M, V108I, Q151M, Y181I/C, M184V, Y188C/L, G190A/S, L210W, T215Y/F,

PMID: 20008905 2010 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Result: At baseline, Subject 5 had viral clones containing K103N with or without T215A, or with Y188L resistance mutations, while at VF clones

Table: Y188L

Figure: Phylogenetic analysis of plasma HIV variants isolated from a representative subject (Subject 5) whose baseline HIV-1 RNA was 5.34 log10 copies/mL and whose baseline (pre-therapy) population genotype resistance mutations included K103K/N + Y188F/H/L/Y and who at failure had an HIV-1 RNA of 4.23 log10 copies/mL and a population genotype of M41L + D67N + K70R + M184V + T215F + K219E.

Low frequency nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistant variants contribute to failure of efavirenz-containing regimens in treatment- experienced patients.

PMID: 20102272 2010 The Journal of infectious diseases

Result: For NNRTI-experienced subject 3E, entry sequences containing K101E showed a trend toward clustering (bootstrap value 46) with failure sequences containing L100I/K101E/Y188L or L100I/K101E/G190A (figure 2E).

Table: Y188H/L

Table: Y188L

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