Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
Method: Different RT mutations at the same residue were pooled, including the NRTI-resistance mutations D67NG, K70EGQ, L74VI, M184VI, T215YF, K219QE and the NNRTI-resistance mutations K101EH, K103NS, Y188LCH, and G190ASEQ.
Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
Discussion: Thus far, about 32 NVP-resistance associated mutations in 17 positions, including 15 major NVP-resistant mutations at 5 positions (K103NST, V106AM, Y181CIV, Y188LHC, G190ASEQ), have been summarized in HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University.
Impact of Novel Resistance Profiles in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase on Phenotypic Resistance to NVP.
Introduction: There are four types of NNRTIs-resistant mutations: (1) Primary mutation: these mutations emerge earliest during therapy and cause high-level resistance to one or more NNRTIs, including K103N/S, Y181C/I/V, V106A/M, Y188L/C/H, and G190A/S/E.
Emergence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants after triple antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission.
Result: We also checked population sequences for additional AZT/3TC/NVP-selected resistance mutations like M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219QE for AZT, K65R for 3TC and L100I, K101P, V106A/M, V108I, Y188C/L/H and G190A for NVP.
Low rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in a well-monitored cohort in South Africa on antiretroviral therapy.
Result: All three subjects failing the NLF-based regimen had the M184V mutation and the two with prior sdNVP exposure also had NNRTIs mutations (K103N, V106M n=1; K103N, Y188H n=1).
Dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies during antiviral treatment dissected using ultra-deep pyrosequencing.
Introduction: This region includes the following important and well-defined drug resistance mutations to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs): L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E associated with resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T); M184I/V associated with resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC); and Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H and G190S/A associated with resistance to nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and etravirin (ETR).
Result: None of the five
Table: Y188H
Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of a Novel Series of Aminoimidazole Analogs.
PMID: 20535242
2010
Letters in drug design & discovery
Introduction: Mutations associated with resistance to NNRTIs include L100I, K101E, K103N, V106A, V108I, V179D, Y181C, Y188C/L/H, G190A/E/S, M230L, P236L and Y318F.
Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
PMID: 20462946
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Figure 1a shows the 16 mutations that occurred significantly more commonly in efavirenz-exposed individuals (L100I, K101P, K103N, V106I/M, V108I, V179D, Y188H/L, G190E/S/Q, P225H, F227Y, M230L and K238T), and Figure 1b shows the 12 that occurred significantly more commonly in nevirapine-exposed individuals (A98G, K101E, K103S, V106A, E138A, T139
HIV-1 proviral resistance mutations: usefulness in clinical practice.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
PloS one
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