Abstract: Fifteen (15) PDR mutations were found among four patients the urban settings [6 resistance mutations to NRTIs:[M41L (2), E44D (1), K65R (1), K70E (1), M184V/I (2), K219R (1)] and 6 resistance mutations to Result: In the two patients carrying resistance mutations in the samples from the rural setting, resistance mutations to only NNRTIs E138A (1) and Y188H (1)] were found.
Discussion: The mutation Y188YH (quasi-specie) found only in the rural setting renders an intermediate level of resistance to the first-line NNRTIs.
Review of Doravirine Resistance Patterns Identified in Participants During Clinical Development.
PMID: 32925358
2020
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Introduction: This was followed by the emergence of Y188H/C or V179D and Y188C or L100I substitutions, respectively.
Discussion: In this NNRTI-experienced population (N = 6893), intermediate-level (defined as detection of any RT V106A/M, Y188C/H, V108I, and K103N + P225H substitution) and high-level (defined as detection of any RT Y188L, M230L, G190E, V106A/M + F227
Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.
PMID: 30863788
2019
Open forum infectious diseases
Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide maintained HIV-1 RNA suppression in participants with archived antiretroviral resistance including M184V/I.
PMID: 31430369
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: Primary NNRTI-R substitutions were L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106M/A, V108I, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, G190A/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C and M230L/I in RT.
Table: Y188C/H
Detection of pretreatment minority HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant variants by ultra-deep sequencing has a limited impact on virological outcomes.
PMID: 30668734
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The RNA MDRVs corresponded to DNA MDRVs, except for M100I and Y188H.
Prevalence of predicted resistance to doravirine in HIV-1-positive patients after exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 30769200
2019
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: Intermediate DOR resistance was defined as detection of any of V106A/M, Y188C/H, V108I, and K103N+P225H.
High prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance among therapy-naive Burmese entering travelers at Dehong ports in Yunnan, China.
Result: For NNRTI resistance-associated mutations, V179D/T was identified as the major mutation (20 cases), and the other 6 types of mutation were E138A, A98G, K101P, K103 N, Y181H and Y188H.
Ex-vivo antiretroviral potency of newer integrase strand transfer inhibitors cabotegravir and bictegravir in HIV type 1 non-B subtypes.
Result: More than half of these mutations (K65R, D67N, K70R, L74V, V75I/S, Y115F, K219Q/E, K101E/P/H, K103N, V106AM, Y181C and Y188L/H) were significantly more prevalent (p < 0.05) in the rural settings of Limpopo than in urban Pretoria (Table 2).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
PloS one
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