Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
Result: TDR associated with NNRTIs (Table II) was identified only in 2 HIV-1-subtype F1 strains (2/9): one isolate carried V179F and Y181C mutations, and the other one harbored mutations Y188C and Y106M, all conferring resistance across the entire NNRTIs class.
Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
Method: Different RT mutations at the same residue were pooled, including the NRTI-resistance mutations D67NG, K70EGQ, L74VI, M184VI, T215YF, K219QE and the NNRTI-resistance mutations K101EH, K103NS, Y188LCH, and G190ASEQ.
Result: Y188C, a mutation previously reported in
Result: In 19 of 21 patients, Y188C occurred in combination with V106M.
Clonal amplification and maternal-infant transmission of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 variants in breast milk following single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis.
Result: Finally, the complete replacement of wild-type virus with NNRTI-resistant mutants was evident by 12 weeks postpartum coupled with a significant reduction of viral load in plasma and breast milk (Table 1); K103N mutation was present in 5 out of 8 (63%) pol sequences, whereas NNRTI resistance mutations V106M, Y188C or G190A were each present in 3 other sequences (Figure 3).
Figure: Point mutations numbered 1-4 are as follows: 1 for K103N, 2 for V106M, 3 for Y188C/L, 4 for G190A.
Prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV drug resistance from 2010 to 2011 among ART-failure individuals in the Yunnan Province, China.
Result: Of the remaining nine participants failing a LPV/r regimen, M184V was observed in one subject and K103N, V106A and Y188C in another female subject (with no previous sdNVP exposure reported).
Emergence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants after triple antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission.
Result: We also checked population sequences for additional AZT/3TC/NVP-selected resistance mutations like M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219QE for AZT, K65R for 3TC and L100I, K101P, V106A/M, V108I, Y188C/L/H and G190A for NVP.
HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals with HIV-1-associated tuberculous meningitis initiating antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam.
Abstract: SDRMs were identified in 14/219 (6.4%) subjects; 8/14 were resistant to nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; T69D, L74V, V75M, M184V/I and K219R), 5/14 to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; K103N, V106M, Y181C, Y188C and G190A), 1/14 to both NRTIs and NNRTIs (D67N and Y181C) and none to PMID: 22536497
2012
AIDS research and treatment
Introduction: There are four types of NNRTIs-resistant mutations: (1) Primary mutation: these mutations emerge earliest during therapy and cause high-level resistance to one or more NNRTIs, including K103N/S, Y181C/I/V, V106A/M, Y188L/C/H, and G190A/S/E.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
PloS one
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