Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.
Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral-naive patients living with HIV from northern Poland.
PMID: 24746180
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: RPV-associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) mutation list and variants potentially affecting RPV susceptibility (L100I, K101H/T, E138S, V179F/D/G/T, G190A/E/S, F227L and M230V) based on the
Prevalence in the USA of rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations in clinical samples and effects on phenotypic susceptibility to rilpivirine and etravirine.
Abstract: METHODS: In total, 15,991 samples submitted to Monogram Biosciences (South San Francisco, CA, USA) for routine resistance testing between January 2010 and June 2011 were assessed for the presence of known rilpivirine RAMs K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Abstract: Median FC values >2.0 were observed for clinical isolates with rilpivirine RAMs K101P, E138Q/R, Y181C/I/V, Y188L or M230L, and for the combination of E138K with M184I/V, and K101E with M184I.
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses to guide selection of reverse transcriptase inhibitors in second-line HIV therapy following extended virological failure in Uganda.
PMID: 24633208
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
HIV-1 virologic failure and acquired drug resistance among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
Abstract: The most prevalent ADR mutations were the M184V (n = 24), K103N/S (n = 14) and Y181C/Y/I/V (n = 8).
Result: The most prevalent variant were the M184V mutation (n = 24), the K103N/S mutation (n = 14) and the Y181C/Y/I/V mutation (n = 8) within the reverse transcriptase genome.
Discussion: The most prevalent mutations observed confer high-level resistance to NRTIs (specifically lamivudine, in the case of the M184V mutation) and NNRTIs (specifically nevirapine and efavirenz, in the case of the K103N/S mutation and the PMID: 23934770
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: RESULTS: Sixteen mutations at 10 positions were significantly associated with the greatest contribution to reduced phenotypic susceptibility (>=10-fold) to one or more NNRTIs, including: 14 mutations at six positions for nevirapine (K101P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L and G190A/E/Q/S); 10 mutations at six positions for efavirenz (L100I, K101P, K103N, V106M, Y188C/L and G190A/E/Q/S); 5 mutations at four positions for etravirine ( PMID: 22842995
2013
AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: The prevalence of RPV RAMs was K101E (9.1%), K101P (1.4%), E138A (3.9%), E138G (0.3%), E138K (0.3%), E138Q (0.8%), V179L (0.2%), Y181C (21.8%), Y181I (0.5%), Y181V (0.2%), H221Y (8.3%), F227C (0.1%) and M230L (1.5%).
Tenofovir-based regimens associated with less drug resistance in HIV-1-infected Nigerians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Method: Etravirine resistance was calculated using weighted scores, where L100I, K101P, Y181C/I/V result in the greatest impaired clinical response.
Result: The most frequent NNRTI mutations were Y181C/V (43%) and K103N (37%).
Rilpivirine: a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
PMID: 23099850
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Seventeen NNRTI mutations have been associated with decreased susceptibility to rilpivirine: K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L, Y188L and the combination L100I + K103N.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
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