Introduction: Group O natural polymorphism also has an impact on treatment options, since most strains naturally present the Y181C mutation in the Reverse Transcriptase (RT) conferring resistance to Efavirenz and Nevirapine (first generation Non Nucleoside RT Inhibitors, NNRTIs).
Method: Distribution of the natural Y181C mutation.
Method: To investigate the distribution of the natural 181C resistance mutation, we used the sequences from the 100 NNRTI-naive patients and studied the association between clade and Y181C residue by using a chi-squared test.
Result: When studying the distribution of the Y181C resistance mutation among the 100 samples collected
Frequency of transmitted drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals at a tertiary care centre in South India.
Discussion: We show here that D30N, N88D/S and L90 M also have high transmissibility and that other SDRMs have higher (M41L, T215Rev and K219E/N/Q/R for NRTIs and K101E/P for the NNRTIs) or lower transmissibility (K70E/R, L74I/V, and T215Y/F for NRTIs; Y181C/I/V for NNRTIs and I84 V and I54A/L/M/S/T/V for protease inhibit
Longitudinal Detection and Persistence of Minority Drug-Resistant Populations and Their Effect on Salvage Therapy.
Introduction: In this study, we used AS-PCR to analyze expression dynamics of eight drug resistance mutations (M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V and T215F/Y) during the clinical course of ARV-treated individuals with documented virologic failures and drug-resistant HIV-1.
Method: Briefly, mutation-specific primers were designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R
Result: Similar patterns of minority resistance persistence were observed in other individuals; such as Y181C and M184V.
Comparison of 454 Ultra-Deep Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR with Regard to the Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Minor HIV-1 Variants after Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for Vertical Transmission.
Abstract: METHODS: Plasma samples from 34 Tanzanian women were previously analysed by ASPCR for key resistance mutations in the viral RT selected by AZT, 3TC, and NVP (K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, T215Y/F).
Method: HIV-1 subtype A-, D-, and C-specific ASPCR was established for seven resistance-associated key mutations selected by AZT (K70R, T215Y/F), 3TC (M184V), and NVP (K103N, Y181C) with detection limits below 1% as described by Hauser et al.
Method: To compare directly UDS and ASPCR for six known key resistance mutations analysed by ASPCR (K70R,
HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.
Result: 81.25 % (n = 13) had more than 1 NNRTI mutation.Y181C and G190A was the most common NNRTI mutation present in 37.5 % (n = 6) patient each.
Table: Y181C
Characterization of two HIV-1 infectors during initial antiretroviral treatment, and the emergence of phenotypic resistance in reverse transcriptase-associated mutation patterns.
Result: And by the following visit, virus K103N/Y181C/H221Y was associated the same percentage.
Result: As shown in Table 1, virusT215Y/V179E/Y181C/H221Y, the recombined patient-derived HIV-1 RT fragment, did not exhibit a significant increase with respect to AZT resistance, but did exhibit higher levels of resistance to EFV (up to 5.57-fold).
Result: However, the IC50 for virus incorporating Y181C was higher than the others without Y181C with respect to AZT and 3TC (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0010); while Y181C did not increase the IC50 of d4T (F = 4.99, P = 0.0719).
Result: However, when H221Y
Virological Response and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Emerging during Antiretroviral Therapy at Three Treatment Centers in Uganda.
Abstract: Of the 35 patients with mutations at T2, 80% had M184V/I, 65.7% Y181C, and 48.6% (54.8% excluding those not on Tenofovir) had K65R mutations.
Result: Of the 35 patients with mutations at T2, 80% had M184V/I, 65.7% Y181C and 48.6% (54.8%, if those not on Tenofovir are excluded) had K65R mutations.
Result: The most common NRTI- associated mutation was M184V (33.3%) out of the 15 NRTI mutations, whereas K103N and Y181C NNRTI mutations occurred at a frequency of 35.0% and 25.0% respectively (n = 20).
HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations: Potential Applications for Point-of-Care Genotypic Resistance Testing.
Abstract: This study proposes that two major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated DRMs (M184V and K65R) and four major NNRTI-associated DRMs (K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V106M) would be the most useful for POC genotypic resistance testing in LMIC settings.
Result: Fig 2 shows that the most common NNRTI DRMs in viruses from individuals in LMICs with intermediate or high-level resistance on a first-line NRTI/NNRTI-containing regimen were K103N (45.5%),
ViMRT
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
PLoS pathogens
